Benjamin Mendenhall was born in 1662 in Ramsbury, Wiltshire, the son of Thomas Mildenhall and Joan Stroud of Marridge Hill.1 Thomas and Joan became Quakers in the late 1650s and four of their children, including Benjamin, immigrated to Pennsylvania and changed the spelling of the family name to Mendenhall. Benjamin probably came in late 1682, since his brother John was called to serve on a jury in Chester County Court in April 1683. They had both received a legacy from their father Thomas, who died in 1682 while they were still in England. Thomas left two tracts of land around Marridge Hill to John, who was supposed to pay £40 to Benjamin as his portion, suggesting that the tracts were valued at around £80. By selling that land and buying land in Chester County, both Benjamin and John ended up with extensive land holdings. “It is no surprise that the most valuable landholdings [in Concord] were in the hands of three families, the Newlins, Pyles, and Mendenhalls…While the Newlin and Mendenhall families had acquired some wealth in England and Ireland, thus arriving in Pennsylvania with capital to invest, the other families [Hannum, Palmer, Pierce, Marshall…] rose to prominence from more humble beginnings.”2

Benjamin eventually owned over 1500 acres and on the tax records was usually the second-wealthiest man in Concord township after his brother-in-law Nathaniel Newlin.3 He had trained as a wheelwright, and this skill probably contributed to his success. In 1711 he bought a one-seventh share of a corn mill from Nicholas and Abigail Pyle.4

Benjamin was active in Concord Meeting, where he became an elder, and served as delegate to Quarterly and Yearly meetings. He served one term in the Provincial Assembly but was not active there.5

In 2^nd month 1689 he married Ann Pennell, daughter of Robert and Hannah Pennell of Middletown township.6 In 1713 he and Ann built a house on their 250-acre home tract in Concord. The house was extensively rebuilt in the 1800s but still contains a date stone in the gable. Years later their daughter Ann Bartram told the story that when her parents were having their house built, she used to carry dinner to the workmen so they wouldn’t lose time going for it.7

As their children grew to the age of marriage, Benjamin and Ann needed to provide for them. One record of this arrangement has been preserved, a letter from them to Owen and Mary Roberts, parents of Lydia Robert.

“Our son Benjamin has made us acquainted that he has a kindness for your daughter Lydia and desired our consent thereon, and we … having given our consent that he may proceed orderly, that is to have your consent and proceed without it…as touching his place that we have given him for to settle on, we shall say but little at present, Ellis Lewis knows as well or our minds and can give as full account of it as we can…”8

Benjamin wrote his will in 1736, and died probably in early 1740.9 In his will he left one-third of his estate to his wife Ann, along with comfortable furniture for one room. He named his five living children, leaving cash to his sons Benjamin and Joseph, his farming implements to his son Robert, cash to daughters Hannah Marshall and Ann Bartram. He gave bequests to his grandchildren, with an additional sum for his grandson Caleb, son of Moses deceased.

The inventory of his estate yielded the impressive value of £760. Thomas Chalkley, the Quaker traveling minister, attended Benjamin’s funeral and wrote that “This Friend was a worthy elder and a serviceable man in our Society, and one of the early settlers in Pennsylvania; a man given to hospitality, and a good example to his family.”10  Ann also wrote a will, proved in 1749.11 She left cash legacies to her children Robert, Hannah, Ann, as well as the surviving spouses of Benjamin, Samuel and Joseph, plus many of her grandchildren.

Children:12

Ann, b. 3^rd month 1690, died in infancy

Benjamin, b. 3^rd month 1691, d. 1743 in North Carolina while on a religious visit there, married Lydia Roberts in 1717 at Gwynedd Meeting. There is a charming letter from Benjamin Jr to Lydia expressing his “kind and true respects of Love”, written in 6^th month 1716.13 They lived in a stone house in Concord. Children: Joshua, Samuel, Martha, Hannah, Lydia, Mary.14 After Benjamin died, while on a religious visit to North Carolina, Lydia married William Hannum. Benjamin Mendenhall was named on a list of “Eminent Friends”, along with his brother Moses.15

Joseph, b. 3^rd month 1692, d. 7^th or 8^th month 1748, married in 1718 Ruth Gilpin at Concord meeting.16 They settled in Kennet township, Chester County on a large tract of land purchased by his father in 1703.  Joseph donated land for Kennett Meeting House. His will was probated in Chester Co, PA 18 Oct 1748.17 It provided for Ruth, left land to the five sons and cash to the daughters. Children: Isaac, Joseph, Benjamin, Hannah, Ann, Stephen, Jesse. The inventory of the estate came to the large total of £915.

Moses, b. 2^nd month 1694, d. 1731 in Concord, married 1719 Alice Bowater Pyle at Concord Meeting. She was the daughter of John and Francis Bowater, and the widow of Jacob Pyle. They settled in Kennet, where Moses was an active member of the meeting and a recommended minister. He also served as clerk of the meeting. He wrote his will in November 1731, leaving his land to his two sons to be divided between them. He left cash to his daughters and the remainder to Alice. She was bring up the children “and teach them to read and write legiably”. The son Moses was to be apprenticed for a trade when he turned fifteen. Children: Caleb, Moses, Alice, Phebe.

Hannah, b. 6^th month 1696, m. in 1718 Thomas Marshall, son of John and Sarah of Darby, at Concord Meeting.18 Thomas died in 1740, leaving a will naming Hannah, seven children, and an unborn child. In 12^th month 1741/42 Hannah married Peter Grubb, son of John and Francis.19 Hannah died in 1770. She left a will, naming six children. Children: Benjamin, John, Ann, Martha, Hannah, Mary.

Samuel, d. 1^st month 1698, died before 1740, married a woman named Esther.20 No known children.

Rebecca, d. 10^th month 1699, d. 1727, married Thomas Gilpin, son of Joseph, in 1726 at Concord Meeting.21 No children have been found for them.

Ann, b. 7^th month 1703, d. 1789, married the celebrated botanist John Bartram, lived in Darby, Philadelphia County. She was his second wife, his first wife Mary Maris having died in 1727, leaving him with sons Richard and Isaac. John Bartram traveled extensively, as far as Florida, collecting plant samples for his own garden and for his correspondents in London. He was a friend of Benjamin Franklin and other notables. His sons John and William continued in his footsteps as botanists. He died in 1777.22 Children of John and Ann: James, Moses, Elizabeth, Mary, William, Elizabeth, Ann, John, Benjamin.

Nathan, b. 8^th month 1705, died young

Robert, b. 7^th month 1713, d. sixth month 1785 in Concord. He married Phebe Taylor in 1734 at Birmingham Meeting. She died in May 1761 and the next year he married Elizabeth Hatton, widow of John Hatton, at Concord Meeting.23 In 1777 he married again, to Esther Temple, widow of William Temple. Robert was a justice on the court of Common Pleas and owned a saw mill. When he was thrown from his riding chair by a runaway horse on the road to Concord Meeting, he was badly hurt but not killed instantly. He was concerned that he had not signed his will. He sent home for it but it could not be found. Several witnesses had to attest to its validity before it could be proved, especially since the son Philip filed a caveat against it, probably disappointed in his legacy of only 50 acres.24 The inventory of the estate came to £1320. He named thirteen children in the will, plus one (Moses) deceased. Children with Phebe: Philip, Ann, Rebecca, Moses, Nathaniel, John, Stephen, Joseph, Robert. Children with Elizabeth: Elizabeth, William, Adam, Phebe.25

Thomas Mildenhall and Joan Stroud were married in August 1649 in the Anglican parish church in Aldbourne, Wiltshire.1 He was the son of Thomas and Ann of Ramsbury; she was the daughter of Anthony and Margery of Baydon.2 The parishes of Ramsbury, Aldbourne, Baydon and Chilton Foliatt nestle together in the boundary between eastern Wiltshire and neighboring Berkshire. Ramsbury parish extends from the valley of the Kennet up to the steep hills of the Marlborough Downs. Within it lie the villages relevant to the Mildenhalls: Ramsbury, Aldbourne, Mildenhall, Marridge Hill, and Baydon, where Joan’s family lived.3

Thomas’ family lived for generations on Marridge Hill, high on the Downs.4 “The ancestors of Thomas Mildenhall of Marridge Hill (many also named Thomas) were yeoman farmers, that is, persons who held their land freehold from the Manorial lord. … In April of 1567 Lord Pembroke commanded a survey of all his estates including the Manor of Ramsbury, providing a rare record of the names of villagers and where they lived. The name “Myldenhall” appears in the 1567 Pembroke survey.”5 Aldbourne was the nearest village to Marridge Hill, and a weekly market was held there.

After Thomas and Joan were married, they settled on Marridge Hill and started their family.6 In the 1650s their lives changed as they became members of the Society of Friends. The Quaker movement spread early into their part of Wilshire, as the nearby village of Marlborough lay on the main road from London to Bristol. The closest Monthly Meeting to Marridge Hill was in Lambourn Woodland, just across the Berkshire border, and that is where the births of their five youngest children are recorded.7 George Fox, a founder of the Quaker movement, held a meeting in 1673 at Lambourne Woods. The MiIldenhalls were probably there.8

In 1681 William Penn opened up his colony of Pennsylvania for settlement, advertising the fertility of the land, ample natural resources, and freedom of religion.9 Three children of Thomas and Joan decided to go, sailing within a year or two, and two others followed in 1685. The three who sailed earlier were John, Mary and Benjamin. They probably traveled in one of the 23 ships that sailed in 1682, since John ”Mynall” was recorded as a juror in Chester County Court in April 1683. The three settled in Concord Township, where they bought land, using money inherited from their father.

Their father Thomas died in 1682 and left a will.10 He described himself as a yeoman of Maridge, and left the land to his oldest son Thomas. He left a cottage and gardens and five acres of land in Maridge to his son John, plus another tract at “great Rachlett coppice”, “towards his better preferment in marriage and for his marriage portion”. John was to pay £40 to his brother Benjamin. A tract of 30 acres in Chilton Folliott was left to Stephen, another son. The daughters Mary, Margery and Joan got cash legacies. Mary got £4, while the others got a token amount, as they were already married and had presumably receive a portion at the time.11 Joan was the executor and her brother Benjamin Stoud was an overseer of the estate.

In 1685, more of the siblings immigrated. Margery had married Thomas Martin in 1675 under the care of Reading and Marlboro Monthly Meeting.12 Thomas Martin had been imprisoned for practicing his Quaker beliefs. On April 1, 1682 he was arrested by the tithingman of Great Bedwyn and brought before Justice Hungerford, who sent him to prison. At the next Sessions, Martin was indicted for “three weeks absence from the National Worship”. He refused to post bail and was recommitted to prison.”13 At some point he was released and in December 1685 the Martins arrived in Philadelphia on the Unicorn, sailing out of Bristol. Margary’s younger brother Moses sailed with them and bought land in Pennsylvania, but did not stay. He went back to England in 1687, selling his Pennsylvania land to his brothers and sister.

The others stayed in Pennsylvania, prospered and had large families.

Children of Thomas and Joan:14

Margery, b. Dec 1655, d. 1742, m. 1675 Thomas Martin.15 They immigrated in 1685 on the Unicorn with their children and settled in Concord on 100 acres bought from her brother John.16 At some point they moved to Middletown Township, and were taxed there in 1693. Thomas and Margery later turned away from the Quaker society and were baptized in 1697 in Ridley Creek, some of the earliest known Baptists in the colony.17 He died in 1714. Children: Mary, Sarah, Hannah, Rachel, George, Moses, Elinor, Margery.18

Joan, b. ab. 1657, married Dr. John Spier in 1681 at Lambourne Woods Meeting. In their marriage record he was described as a “medicus of chirugus alias physitian” and was the son of John, an apothecary.19 John and Joan stayed in England, where he died in 1703; she died before 1731. Children: Joan, Hannah, James.

Thomas, b. ab. 1657, d. 1729 in Marridge, married a woman named Israel, left children Thomas, Nicholas, Stephen, Joan, Isabel, Israel20. He did not become a Quaker.21

John, b. 8^th month 1659, immigrated probably in late 1682. He married in 1685 at Darby Meeting Elizabeth Maris, daughter of George and Alice.22 John bought 300 acres in Concord in 1683, and later bought more land from John Harding and Philip Roman, whom he knew from Wiltshire, since they lived nearby.23 He was active in the meeting in Concord, which was often held at his house. In 1697 for 5 shillings he donated land for the meetinghouse and burying ground for the Meeting. He died in 1743 and did not leave a will. Elizabeth died long before him, in 1691. Children: George, John, Aaron.

Benjamin, b. 2^nd month 1662, immigrated probably in late 1682, married in 1689 Ann Pennell, daughter of Robert and Hannah. He was a wheelwright, and later a wealthy land-owner, with eventual holdings of over 1500 acres. On the tax records he was usually the second-wealthiest man in Concord township after his brother-in-law Nathaniel Newlin.24 Benjamin was active in Concord Meeting, where he became an elder, and served as delegate to Quarterly and Yearly meetings. He served one term in the Provincial Assembly but was not active there.25 He wrote his will in 1736, and died in 1739. The inventory of his estate yielded a value of £760. Thomas Chalkley, the Quaker traveling minister, attended Benjamin’s funeral and wrote that “This Friend was a worthy elder and a serviceable man in our Society, and one of the early settlers in Pennsylvania; a man given to hospitality, and a good example to his family.”26  Ann also wrote a will, proved in 1749. Children: Ann, Benjamin, Joseph, Moses, Hannah, Samuel, Rebecca, Ann, Nathan, Robert. The daughter Ann married the celebrated botanist John Bartram.

Stephen, b. 6^th month 1664, became a Quaker, married a woman named Mary, stayed in Wiltshire where he died in 1721.27

Moses, b. 9^th month 1666, d. 1738. Moses immigrated in 1685 on the Unicorn with his sister Margery and her husband Thomas. He had bought rights to 500 acres before leaving England. But by 7^th month 1687 he was back in England. He planned to buy 250 acres from the Hitchcock family of Marlborough, but changed his mind, as “his mother would not let him goe back, and besides he sedd he should not give soe much for it”.28 In 1688 Moses sold his 500 acres to his brothers and sisters in Pennsylvania and settled on Marridge Hill where he married in 1690 Elizabeth Bacon, daughter of John.29 She died in 1737; he died the next year, leaving a will. Children: John, Thomas, Stephen, Mary, Sarah, Joseph, Elizabeth, Hannah, Moses.

Mary, d. 1728, m. 1685 Nathaniel Newlin, son of Nicholas and Elizabeth, at Concord Meeting.30 They became the wealthiest family in Concord township, owning much land, a grist mill, and a dry goods store. Nathaniel served in the Provincial Assembly, as a Justice, and was a Commissioner of Property. Mary died in late 1728, and Nathaniel married again, to Mary Fincher. They were only married for a few months before his death in early 1729. Surprisingly, for such a wealthy man, he left no will. His inventory lists pages of personal property and inventory from the dry goods store: surgical instruments, books on law and divinity and medicine, luxury items like ivory-handled knives and forks, many yards of varied fabric types, thread, buttons, nails, glass bottles, nutmeg, gallons of molasses, and over 6000 acres of land.31 Children of Mary and Nathaniel: Jemima, Elizabeth, Nicholas, Nathaniel, John, Keziah, and Mary.

Aaron, b. 7^th month 1669, died young

John Bowater was born in 1660 in Bromsgrove, Worcestershire, the son of John and Ann.1 The older John was a nail-maker who had become a Quaker before then; in 1660 he was put into prison for refusing to take an oath. The son John would inherit his father’s Quaker beliefs and his occupation of nail-making. Bromsgrove was a center for this, close to mills on the River Stour where iron bars were slit into thinner pieces, ready to be hammered out into nails.2

When John was 17, his father left for a voyage to America, to travel around the colonies and preach as a Quaker minister. John was the eldest son and must have been the chief wage-earner in his father’s absence. His father returned in 1678, only to lose his wife Ann, the mother of John and his younger brothers. She died in 1679, according to the records of Warwick North Monthly Meeting.3 It would be six years before the father remarried.

The younger John married Frances Corbett in 2^nd month (April) 1683 in Chadwick, Worcestershire. She was the daughter of William Corbett of Sedgley, Staffordshire. John’s father John would normally sign the marriage certificate right after the newly-married couple, but at this time the father was probably still in jail for refusing to pay tithes. John and Frances had a daughter Elizabeth born in 11^th month (January) 1683/84, just nine months after their marriage. She died a few months later.

John and Frances emigrated in 1684 and settled in Thornbury township, Chester County. They first presented their certificates to Philadelphia Meeting on 9^th month 1684. In May 1688 they joined Chester meeting, along with their two young daughters. They went on to add three more daughters.

John bought 50 acres in 1685, which he later sold. In 1697 he bought 250 acres and in 1700 another 150 acres. Meetings were sometimes held at their house until a new meetinghouse was built in 1700 on adjoining land of Joshua Hastings; this became Middletown Meeting.

In 1705 John wrote his will; it was proved in November 1705.4 It named Frances and their five daughters. After John’s death Frances sold 400 acres, probably the two combined tracts, to George Smedley. Then she bought a tract of 115 acres in 1708 and kept it until 1713.5 When she died she was living in Concord, probably with a daughter. She made her own will, an unusual act for the time, naming all five daughters.6 She died in 1720.

Children of John and Frances:7

Mary, b. 12 mo 1685, d. before 1745, married about 1713 Stephen Ailes.8 In 3^rd month 1714 Mary submitted a paper of condemation to the monthly meeting of Chichester and Concord, acknowledging her fault in being with child before marriage and claiming that her mother was “wholly ignorant how it was with me”.9 They lived in Londongrove, Chester County. Stephen left a will, written in November 1755 and proved in June 1758.10 Mary was not named in his will, and must have died before it was written, but the date of her death was apparently not recorded by London Grove Meeting. Both of Stephen’s sons had died before him, and he left the plantation of 200 acres to his grandson William. His daughter-in-law Ann, widow of his son Stephen, was to stay on the plantation to support the grandchildren. The inventory of his estate showed a modest list of furniture, livestock and household goods, with a total value of £86. Children: Hannah, William, Stephen, Mary.

William, b. 11^th mo 1686, no further record, probably died before May 1688.

Elizabeth, b. 11^th mo 1688 (probably 1688/89), d. 1742, married William Pusey at Middletown Meeting on 5^th 9^th month 1707.11 William was a miller, probably the nephew of the miller Caleb Pusey, who was prominent in the Quaker meeting and in the government.12 Elizabeth and William lived in West Marlborough, where Elizabeth died in 1742, leaving a will, naming sons John, William, Joshua, daughters Elizabeth, Jane, Mary, Hannah.13

Anne, b. 6^th mo 1690, d. bef. Aug 1745, married 1712 William Chandler at Christ Church, son of George and Jane14. William was a shoemaker. They lived in Londongrove, where William wrote his will in 1745. He named his children John, Ann, Thomas, Moses, Mary, William.15 William died the next year. The inventory of his estate included shoemaker’s tools, 37 pounds of leather, plus the house and 100 acres in Londongrove.

Alice, b. 12^th mo 1692/3, d. before Nov 1731, married Jacob Pyle in 1713 at Concord Meeting; he died in 1717. He left a will, naming his sons James and Samuel. Alice was the administrator.16 Alice married Moses Mendenhall in 1719 at Concord Meeting. They settled in Kennett, on Brandywine Creek. Moses was a recommended minister, clerk of the meeting, and considered an eminent Friend.17 He died in 1731 and was buried at Kennett burying ground. Children of Jacob and Alice: Samuel, James. Children of Moses and Alice: Alice, Caleb, Phebe, Moses.

Phebe, b. 2^nd mo 1697, d. about 1739, m. 1717 Shadrach Scarlett at Concord Meeting.18 They moved to New Garden Meeting, Chester County. He was a prosperous farmer. The inventory of his estate, taken in April 1739, included ten cattle, six horses, 33 sheep and lambs, six swine, plentiful farm tools and household goods.19 1739.] He owned 303 bushels of wheat in the house and mill, probably the grist mill of which he owned half a share. The total value, not including his land, was over £355. Besides the 150 acres in Londongrove where they lived, he also owned 175 acres in Lancaster County. Children: Ann, Nathaniel, Alice, Phebe, Samuel, Shadrach. Phebe probably died before him, since administration on his estate was granted to the son Nathaniel, instead of to her.

John Bowater was baptized on 25 April 1630 in Bromsgrove, the son of William Bowater, a nail-maker there.1 Bromsgrove was in Worcester, south of Birmingham. Originally a center for cloth manufacture, it was also known for nail-making. It was close to the River Severn, for transport, and close to the River Stour, which was dotted with slitting mills, a water mill for making bars of iron into rods.”2 “Nailmakers would purchase their iron from the nailmasters and sell their nails to nailmasters at set prices, effectively at a piece-rate. The basic technique of nail production did not change much, involving in essence heating iron rods, making a point, half cutting the nail off, fully cutting it and hammering a head. Simple nails might take a few blows and take a matter of seconds to make, while complex nails could involve twelve to twenty blows.”3 Nailmaking was a family occupation. The nailers lived in tiny cottages, with a shed attached for doing the work. They were at the mercy of the nailmasters for their income, and were generally poor. When John’s father William died in 1647, he left his son John a “paier of Bellowes in my shope with all my workinge tooles beelonginge to my trade.”4 Since William owned his own shop, he was a step above the poorest of the nail makers.

John became a Quaker before 1660, when he was put into prison for refusing to take an oath.5 In the town of Worcester the magistrates summoned many known Quakers and required them to swear an oath. Forty-seven of them refused and were sent to prison, including John.6

John traveled to America as a Quaker minister in 1677 and 1678. He visited New England, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Maryland, Delaware and Virginia, preaching in places along the ways, and wrote a book about his experience, published after his death, called Christian Epistles Travels and Suffering of that Ancient Servant of Christ, John Boweter.7 After his return to England, he was put in Worcester Gaol for failing to pay tithes. He was later transferred to Fleet Prison in London.8

John’s first wife, Ann, died in 1679, leaving him with three grown sons, John, Thomas and William.9

After his release from Fleet Prison, he married Mary Maunder of London under the jurisdiction of Devonshire House Monthly Meeting.10 They had children, Jonathan and Mary. They may have remained in London, since the death of their son Jonathan was recorded there as well as their own deaths. It is not recorded how John made his living in London. Quakers did not pay their ministers, looking down on “hireling priests”. John died in 11^th month (January) 1704/05 and was buried at Friends Burying Ground near White Chapel. Mary died the next month, from a fever. They were living on Westbury Street, Spittlefields, now known as Quaker Street.11

Children of John and Ann:

John, bapt. 8 August 1652, d. summer 1705. Like his father and grandfather before him, he was a nail-maker. He married in 1683 Frances Corbett, daughter of William Corbett of Sedgley, Staffordshire, also a nail-maker.12 They were married at Chadwick Monthly Meeting, Worcester.13 The next year they immigrated to Pennsylvania and presented a certificate to Philadelphia Meeting. They moved to Chester County, where John was an active member. They had seven children, all born in Pennsylvania except the first. John left a will naming Frances and five living daughters. Frances lived until 1721. She also left a will. Children: Anne (died young), Mary, William, Elizabeth, Anne, Alice, Phebe.

Thomas, born February 1654/55, died after November 1734, m. Sarah Edge in 1686. Thomas immigrated in September 1683 on the Bristol Comfort as an indentured servant to Frances Fincher from Worcester. After his indenture was over he married Sarah Edge, and after her death married in 1702 Frances Barnard, widow of Richard Barnard.14 Thomas and Frances lived at first in Concord, Chester County, later moved to New Garden Meeting, then to Haverford.15 The dates of their deaths were not recorded, but Thomas was still alive in 1734 when he signed a marriage certificate. Children (with Sarah): Sarah, Thomas.

William, d. 13 Oct 1697 in England, m. (?) Sarah.16 He signed the wedding certificate of John and Frances as a close relative, so he was probably a brother of John and Thomas. He stayed around Bromsgrove, and his death was recorded at Warwick North Meeting.17 Children: John Samuel.

Children of John and Mary:

Jonathan, b. July 1687, d. 1688, age  7 months.

Mary, b. Feb 1688/89, d. before March 1734 in Virginia, m. James Wright.18 Mary immigrated in 1705, just after the death of her parents. She was just sixteen. She married James a few years later. James and Mary lived in Nottingham, Chester County, then moved to Monocacy, Frederick County, Maryland, where they were members of Hopewell Meeting.19 Around 1735 they moved to Orange County, Virginia, where in 1755, when the French incited the Indians of the Shendanoah region, James and Mary were “driven from their habitation” and Philadelphia Yearly Meeting took up a collection for them.20 James died in 1760, leaving a will naming his wife and children.21 In an unusual clause, James added that “I would have no appraisement upon my goods.”22 Mary died in 1764, and named the same children. Children: Mary, Hannah, Martha, Elizabeth, John, James, Thomas, Isaac, Ann, Sarah, Lydia.23