Thomas Howell was an early Quaker immigrant to Bucks County who had two known children.1 He was in Pennsylvania by October 1683 when he went to Penn in Philadelphia and requested the rental of 200 acres of land. He actually went twice within two weeks and may have changed his mind about where he wanted to settle. If he arrived in late September 1683, it is possible that he is the Thomas Howell who shipped goods from Bristol on the Comfort of Bristol between 23 May and 6 June.2 People declared goods that were for resale, not personal use. This does not mean that Thomas was intending to be a merchant. Many early settlers brought small quantities of goods to sell or barter. It is clear that Thomas was not a rich man. He rented land instead of buying it, and could not pay the passage for his son.

When Thomas requested his land, he first asked for it in Providence Township, Chester County. Penn wrote a warrant directing that the land be surveyed. Two weeks later Howell went back to Penn and requested land in Philadelphia County near Poquessing Creek, and Penn wrote another warrant.3 The land was laid out in Southampton Township, Bucks County, and was shown there on the map made by Thomas Holme about 1687. Howell’s land was at the southern end of Southampton, just north of the Growdon land in Bensalem.4 At some time before 1697, Thomas gave his land to his son Job, possibly because Thomas was not longer able to farm it.5 By then Thomas owned the land and had gotten a patent for it.6

In 1686 Thomas Howell signed the wedding certificate when his daughter Hannah Howell married William Hibbs at the house of John Hart in Byberry. The record of the marriage kept at Abington Monthly Meeting showed that Hannah was Thomas’ daughter.7 Thomas was not active in Byberry Meeting, unlike his son-in-law William Hibbs. The name of his Thomas’ wife was not known and there is no record of her in Pennsylvania. She did not sign the marriage certificate when Hannah Howell married William Hibbs in 1686, suggesting that she died before then, possibly in England. Thomas died in 1702 and was buried at Byberry Meeting.8

Next generation: Job and Hannah

In 1682 Job Howell immigrated on the Friends Adventure as a servant to John Brock. They arrived in the Delaware River at the end of 7^th month 1682. To pay for his passage, Howell was to serve Brock for four years, being free in 7^th month 1686.9 In fact he was probably free before then, since in 5^th month 1684, a tract of land was surveyed for him, in Bucks County, between Arthur Cook and William Buckman.10This was northeast of his father’s tract, not the same land. In November 1697 Job sold 100 acres of his father’s tract to Hugh Ellis and another 50 acres to Francis Eileston (Elleston).11 In 11^th month 1699, William Rowles requested to buy the 200 acres “formerly laid out unto Job Howell upon rent”.12 This was Job’s own land, not the land he got from his father. Was he living on the remaining 50 acres of his father’s land?

Job Howell testified in Bucks County court in 7^th mo 1689, in a case of a colt of John Swift. Philip Conway was suspected of having something to do with shooting it, and Job testified that Conway told him he was there when it was shot.13 Philip Conway was not good company to keep. He and his brother Patrick were repeatedly in the courts for theft and were finally banished from the province.14

The 1697 deeds were Job’s last appearance in Bucks County records.15 There is no record of his death, or of marriage or children.

Hannah Hibbs married William Hibbs in 1686. He had immigrated to West Jersey in 1677 on the Kent, as a servant or apprentice. After he married Hannah they lived in Byberry, next to William and John Carver with whom Hibbs feuded over their boundary line. William and Hannah were members of Byberry Meeting, where William signed a paper with other Friends condemning the “spirit of separation” of George Keith and his followers.16 William and Hannah had eight children living at the time he made his will. The will, made in 1708, named his wife Hannah and eight children, Joseph, Jonathan, Jacob, William, Jeremiah, Sarah, Phebe and Hannah.17 He left a Negro man to his wife, and after her death to his sons Joseph and Jonathan. The plantation was shared between Hannah and the son Joseph. The other children received cash payments. William specifically allowed Hannah to raise the children at her discretion. “I leave the whole charge of bringing up my children to my dear wife she doing this according to her own discretion.” The overseers of the will were friends Daniel and William Walton; they were to assist Hannah in managing her financial affairs. Some of the children of Hannah and William married in Quaker meetings; others did not.

Even after William’s death in 1710, Hannah continued a feud he had begun with his Carver neighbors eight years before, over the precise location of the property boundary. Abington Meeting minutes reported that “Whereas there hath been a former difference between John Carver and Widdow Hibbs, about a former line between them; The meeting being willing to put an end to ye sd difference: have appointed Six friends, with two Surveyors to view ye land and ye lines and to endeavor to put an end to ye differ[ence].….”18

In 1712 Hannah married Henry English at Byberry Meeting. He was a widower, a Quaker, and a resident of Byberry.19 Henry and Hannah had no children together, and he died about 1724. He He Hannah died in 1737. In her will she named her children Sarah, Phebe, Jeremiah, Joseph and William, as well as two namesake granddaughters. She gave her sidesaddle to her grandddaughter Hannah Cooper and her “pilers” (pillows?) to her granddaughter Hannah Hibbs. She left her clothing to daughters Sarah and Phebe (the brown gown and petticoat and riding hood and bonnet), her bed and bolster and bedding to Phebe, and residue of property to sons Joseph and William and son-in-law Jonathan Cooper. She specified that her Negro servant Trail should be set free, to have his own mare and scythe and ox, and enough wool to make him a coat and waistcoat and britches.

Henry Walmsley was born in northern Lancashire, the son of Thomas Walmsley and Elizabeth Rudd, who were married there in November 1665. By 1682, when Thomas and Elizabeth immigrated to Pennsylvania, they had six children. As was the Quaker custom they asked their monthly meeting at Settle for a certificate to take with them, showing that they were members in good standing. This was normally written by the clerk of the meeting for an individual or one family, but in this case, the clerk wrote out one certificate for the entire group of several interrelated households. This Settle certificate, as it is known, is unusual, and was given because the group intended to travel together and because they were tightly connected by marriage.1 They came on the Lamb of Liverpool. Thomas Walmsley did not declare any goods, but it is said that he intended to set up a mill. He did not live long enough to build his mill. The Lamb was infected with disease, probably smallpox or dysentery, and the Walmsley family was hard-hit, losing daughters Margaret and Rosamund and probably also Mary.2 Some of those who did survive the voyage were ill when they arrived. This was probably true of Thomas, since he died of dysentery within a month after they arrived, leaving Elizabeth with the surviving children.3

When the Lamb landed in Philadelphia in October 1682, most of the Settle group chose to stay together in Bucks County. Thomas Holme’s map of 1687 shows many of them on “Neshameneh Creek”. “Widdow Walmsly” was on the west side of the creek. Her 250 acres on the Neshaminy were patented to her in 5^th month (July) 1683. She managed the farm, probably with paid help.4 Finally in 10^th month 1684 she probated Thomas’ estate, two years after his death, mostly to ensure the property rights of her children as she prepared to marry again. Letters of administration were granted to Elizabeth, and to her intended husband John Purslow, both of whom signed by mark, and to Nicholas Waln, who signed his name. Waln was keeping some land in trust for her sons Henry and Thomas. In 1686 he conveyed the land to them and brought the releases into court, to be held by Ezra Croasdale in trust until the sons were grown.5

John Purslow, who would become the stepfather of the Walmsley children, was an Irish Quaker who had arrived in 1677 on the Phoenix.6 He acted for the family in 1690 when he petitioned the Orphan’s Court on behalf of his stepson Henry, who was in the service of Nicholas Waln, “against the will of the relations.”7  Henry was about nineteen years old then, so it must have been a very long apprenticeship. By 1693, Henry paid his own taxes in Middletown, showing that he was by then over 21. He married Mary Searle in 1699 at Abington Meeting. Her father Frances Searle was a butcher who accumulated over 1,000 acres of land by the time he died in 1722, and left a solid legacy to his daughter Mary. In 1697 Searle bought a tract of land in Abington, jointly with the maulster John Carver, from the estate of Thomas Terwood. Searle and Carver partitioned this land in 1700, and Searle left his part to his daughter Mary in his will, along with 200 acres in Southampton and 200 acres in Horsham.8

Before Henry could marry Mary he had to satisfy the Middletown Meeting of his good standing. In 12^th month 1698 he went before them to condemn his negligence in attending meetings. The following 7^th month 1699 he and Mary announced their intention to marry. There were continuing concerns about Henry’s behavior, and the meeting appointed William Paxson and Thomas Harding to inquire. The following month Henry condemned his “remissness” and the marriage was allowed to proceed.9

They settled in Bensalem, and had a family of two sons and seven daughters.10 Both Henry and Mary lived to see all but one of them married. Although four of the daughters married sons from Quaker families like Walton and Carver, they did not all marry under auspices of a meeting and the youngest daughter, Grace, married Benjamin Herbert at Christ Church. This is somewhat surprising, since prosperous families were usually able to keep their children within the society in this early time.

Henry was still remembered several generations later. “He was above the middle size of men, and was a jovial, comical sort of person. He did not inherit much property from his father, and never became so wealthy as his brother Thomas.”11 Mary died in 1747, the year after the youngest child was married. Henry lived on to 1759, and was named in Henry Tomlinson’s list of “aged persons” as 88 years old.12 He did not leave a will, and letters of administration were granted on his estate to his sons Frances and Thomas and son-in-law Thomas Tomlinson.13 He left a tract of 220 acres in Bensalem, and after his death the seven married daughters sold their share of the land to their brothers Frances and Thomas.14 They were all living near Bensalem at the time of the deed, except for William Carver, Elizabeth’s husband, who died earlier that year.

Children of Henry Walmsley and Mary Searle:

Joan, b. 1702, d. 1772, married Thomas Tomlinson. They lived in Bensalem, where Thomas died in 1764. In his will he named Joan, sons Thomas, Joseph, Henry, and Francis, and daughters Elizabeth and Mary.15 Joan was to have the “stone room at the west end of the dwelling house” with its furniture, while the son Thomas received the plantation and the others got cash legacies.

Elizabeth, d. 1772, m. 1719 William Carver, son of William and Mary, settled at Buckingham. William died in early 1759. Children: Joseph, William, Jacob, Elizabeth, Henry, Rebecca, Mary, Martha. Elizabeth died in Warwick Township in 1772, and in her will named all the children except Jacob, plus three Worthington grandchildren.16 She was living with her son-in-law Isaac Worthington, and mentioned that he had supported her in a “tender and affectionate manner”. He was also the executor.

Mary, b. 1704, d. 1795, m. about 1725 William Ridge, who immigrated to Pennsylvania and settled in Bensalem, Bucks County. Children: Thomas, Grace, William, Mary, Henry. William died in 1776. Mary outlived William him by twenty years, and died in 1795, age 91.17

Thomas, b. 1706, d. 1788. He married and left children.18 His wife’s name is sometimes said to be Ruth, but this may be a confusion.19 Thomas died in Southampton in August 1788, “near 80 years”.20 In his will he named a son Henry, daughter Margaret, son Ralph, daughter Mary Reed, and two granddaughters, and left land in both Southampton and Bensalem.21

Rebecca, m. 1731 Abel Walton, son of William and Sarah. They were married at Abington Meeting in 1731. They lived in Somerton, Philadelphia County, where Abel died in 1771. Rebecca administered his estate, which amounted to only £27 when the inventory was taken.22 Children: William, Mary, Abel, Henry.23

Francis, named for his grandfather, died unmarried in 1760, probably in Bensalem.

Sarah, d. 1787, m. William Kinsey. Sarah died in 10^th month 1787.24 They were living in Bristol Township in 1759, when they received a legacy from Sarah’s father Henry.25

Ann, m. John Waters, living in Bensalem in 1759. John was probably not a Friend, as they do not appear in Quaker records.

Grace, m. 1746 at Christ Church, Benjamin Herbert, living in Bensalem in 175926. Herbert was supposedly from Harford County, Maryland, and he and Grace moved there and had six children.27

In 1641, when all males over 18 had to swear an oath of allegiance to the King of England and the Protestant religion, Francis Searle was one of 69 men of Holbeton, Devon, to take the oath.1 It is commonly said that Francis Searle who immigrated to Pennsylvania was born in Holbeton in 1642, son of Francis Searle, probably the one who took the oath. There is no immigration record for Francis. He married Joan Philips and had at least one child before immigrating. Their son Arthur was baptized in Holbeton in 1683.

Francis and his wife Joan first appear in Bucks County records in 1690.  In 7^th month, Thomas King pleaded not guilty to spreading rumors about Joan Searle. “Hugh Marsh says in about the 3^rd month last past Thomas King said there was a witch near by. Being asked who it was, he said he suspected Francis Searle’s wife for she was an ugly ill favored woman and he did believe her to be one. Robert Marsh said he heard Thomas King say that there was a witch hard by.” The jury found King guilty of defaming her.2

In 1697 Searle bought his first known land in Bucks County, although the description of the land makes it clear he already owned an adjoining tract. He bought 400 acres in Bensalem from Joseph Growdon, bounded by land of Growdon, William Duncan, and other land of Francis Searle, paying £60.3 In 1714 Searle sold 100 acres of this land to his son Arthur.4 In 1697 Searle also bought land in Abington, Philadelphia County, jointly with John Carver. They bought 200 acres from the estate of Thomas Terwood, paying £130.5 Three years later they partitioned this land.6 In 1704 Francis Searle and Nicholas Waln requested a resurvey on a tract of 250 acres on Neshaminy Creek, originally laid out for Elizabeth Walmsley, now in the possession of Ralph Draycott. If there was any deficiency it was to be made up from adjacent tracts if possible.7 Searle was an overseer of the highways for Bensalem, serving several times.8 Other than that, he was not active in local government or in Quaker meeting affairs. He worked as a butcher.9

He made his will in January 1722; it was proved in May of that year.10 He left to Joan the rents from 100 acres that their son Thomas had settled on, plus two cows, a horse and 40 bushels of wheat, and a bed and furniture.11 He left cash bequests to his granddaughters Grace and Mary, daughters of his son Thomas deceased. The bulk of his estate was five tracts of land. The son Arthur received the plantation of 300 acres in Bensalem, while the daughter Mary, wife of Henry Walmsley, got the plantation in Southampton of 200 acres and 28 acres in Bensalem, also a plantation of 200 acres in Horsham and land in Abington. Mary and Arthur were the executors. He asked the meeting in Byberry to choose two men to see that the will is fulfilled. It is not known when Joan died.

Children of Francis and Joan:

Mary, married Henry Walmsley in 1699 at Middletown Mtg, lived in Bensalem, had two sons and seven daughters. Mary died in 1747; Henry died in 1759. Children: Joan, Elizabeth, Mary, Thomas, Rebecca, Francis, Sarah, Ann, Grace. All the children were living when Henry’s estate was probated in 1759.12

Thomas, b. ab. 1680 in England, died before 1722, married Sarah Naylor, daughter of John and Jane, in 1709, and left two daughters.13 Thomas and Sarah declared their intentions of marriage at Middletown Meeting on 9^th mo 1709.14 Children: Grace, Mary.

Arthur, b. 1683 in England, died in Middletown in 1737, married a daughter of John and Jane Naylor.15 Arthur was a maulster. He left a will naming eight children.16 Children: Thomas, Arthur, John, Jane, Mary, Rebecca, Sarah, and Elizabeth. His wife had died before him.

Thomas Ridge was born in 1728, the oldest son of William Ridge and Mary Walmsley. He grew up on his father’s farm in the northern end of Bensalem Township, Bucks County, and was a member of Byberry Meeting. In December 1759 Thomas and Rachel Duncan declared their intentions to marry and were cleared to proceed.1 Rachel was just 20 years old, the daughter of William Duncan and Mary Carver. Thomas was ten years older than she was. The same month Thomas bought 50 acres of land in Bensalem from Lawrence Growdon, taking out a mortgage from Growdon to pay for it. Thomas worked as a carpenter to support his family of nine children.

In 1807 Rachel’s brother William died, a bachelor. In his will he left his share in the Byberry Library to his nephew William Ridge, “for him to hold agreeable to the constitution of the library”. The nephew William was also one of the executors. William also left a one-fifth share of the residue of his estate to his sister Rachel.2

Thomas died in 1810 and his land was divided among the children. They first deeded it to the miller Ezra Townsend of Bensalem, who deeded a portion to seven (or possibly eight) of them.3 Administration was granted to the sons William and Thomas Ridge. They presented their final account to the Orphans Court in June 1813.4 After the debts were paid, the balance in their hands for distribution was $208.87.5 Rachel outlived Thomas and died in 7^th month 1818.6 They were members of Byberry Meeting and were buried in the Friends burying ground on Byberry Road.

Thomas and Rachel had eight or nine children, including one who is not well-documented and may not belong in this family. Most of the children stayed around Bensalem, and some of them had large families. However only one child is known to have married in a Quaker meeting, and several were disowned for marrying out of unity or mustering with the militia.

Children of Thomas and Rachel:7

Mary, b. ab. 1760, d. 4^th month 1834, m. Benjamin Adams, b. 1758, son of Jedediah and Rebecca.8 In 10^th month 1781 Mary and Benjamin appeared before the Abington women’s meeting to declare their intentions of marriage.9 They were members of Byberry meeting, where Benjamin was appointed in 1809 to tend the meeting house.10 This usually meant cleaning and providing firewood for the wood stove. Mary and Benjamin had eight children, born between 1783 and 1801: Rebecca, Thomas, John, Jedidiah, Amos, Ezra, Benjamin, and Rachel.11

William, b. ab. 1762, d, 1833, m. ab. 1785 Sarah Walmsley, married second an unknown wife after 1819. William was the oldest son of Thomas and Rachel, as he received a double portion of his father’s land. In about 1785 he married Sarah Walmsley, daughter of Henry Walmsley. They had thirteen children between 1786 and 1805, including two sets of twins.12 William and Sarah were members of Byberry Meeting, but several of their children were disowned.13 William himself was disowned in 6^th month 1803 for mustering with the militia.14 Sarah died in 12^th month 1819, and William later remarried. He died in 3^rd month 1833.15 Children of William and Sarah: Isaac, Daniel, Martha, William, Walmsley, Rachel, Esther, Anna, Samuel, Mary, James, Asa, Euphemia.16

Mahlon, b. Feb 29, 1764, d. September 30, 1844,  m. Hannah Hicks, daughter of George Hicks. In the 1810 census in Bensalem, Mahlon and his wife were over 45 years old, with seven younger people in their household. In 1820 he got a certificate for Miami Meeting in Ohio,  where he and Hannah owned a farm of 87 acres on Cesar’s Creek in Wayne township, Warren county, where Mahlon died in 1844, age 80. Hannah died in 1850.17 In his will Mahlon left the farm to Hannah, and named sons Simpson and John Comly as executors.18 The other children were Thomas, George, Charles, Lucy, Mary, Sarah, and Rachel.19

Thomas, b. ab. 1768,  possibly married Jane Campbell. In 12^th month 1802 Byberry meeting reported that William Ridge and Thomas Ridge Jr had both paid fines in lieu of mustering with the militia and that Thomas had also mustered with them.20 They were both disowned. It is difficult to separate records for Thomas from his father Thomas (who died in 1810) and possibly nephews. In 1807 Elizabeth Vansant of Byberry sold water rights to Thomas Ridge Jr, a miller of Southampton, probably the one who was there in the 1820 census with seven people in his household.21 In 1810 Thomas the miller bought more land in Southampton from Thomas and Rebecca Groom.22 In 1839, Thomas Ridge died, owner of 2 ¾ acres in Bensalem. This could be a small part of a tract that largely lay in Southampton.23 The name of his wife is uncertain, and the names of his children are unknown.

Joseph, m. Sarah. Her last name is unknown. He was single in 1796.24 In 1798 he was renting a house in Bensalem.25 He was still in Bensalem in 1800.26 He did not receive a portion of his father’s land in 1810, and does not appear in the 1810 census in Bensalem. It is possible that he died between 1800 and 1810.27 His wife Sarah died in 11th month 1822.28

Rachel, b. ab. 1774, d. 1841, m. about 1794 George Randall, a shoemaker.29 They lived in Bensalem, and had seven daughters and two sons, one of whom died young. George died in 1836; Rachel died in April 1841. Children: Mary, Grace, Rachel, Elizabeth, Esther, Sarah, George, Ann.30

Amos, b. ab. 1779, d. 1865, m. 1807 Jane. In 1808 Amos was disowned from Byberry meeting for marriage by a magistrate by a non-Quaker woman.31 They settled in Bensalem, where Amos was both a farmer and a weaver.32 In 1832 they granted land to Thomas Ridge Jr of Southampton, a mason, Amos’ brother?33 In 1860 still in Bensalem, Amos was age 80, a weaver, Jane was 71.34 Amos died on 31 Dec 1865, and was buried in Byberry.35 Jane outlived him and moved to Somerton, Philadelphia County, where she was living in 1870.36

Grace m. Joshua LaRue, son of Abraham and Elizabeth.37 In 1810 Joshua and Grace received her share of her father’s land.38 They lived in Bensalem, where Joshua was a farmer.39  Joshua wrote his will in 1828 and died in early 1833.40 He left the land to Grace while she lived, his apparel to son Abraham, and his watch to daughter Ann. He also mentioned a daughter Rachel deceased. Walmsley Ridge, Grace’s nephew, was appointed to administer.

John, b. ab. 1790. He was living in Bensalem in 1800, but was gone by 1810, and he did not receive a share of his father’s estate in 1810. A death date of 1840 is often given for him, but this may be another man. There are few other records of him, and no information about a wife or children.

William Ridge was probably born in England and first appears in Pennsylvania around 1725 when he married Mary Walmsley, daughter of Henry Walmsley and Mary Searle.1 There is no record of William and Mary’s marriage in Byberry Meeting or Abington Monthly Meeting. They must have remained in good standing with Friends, since their deaths and the births of their children were recorded there.2 William and Mary were not active in Byberry meeting.3

They lived in Bensalem, probably on the land bought from Stephen Townsend in 1737.4 It was at the northern end of Bensalem township, on the Southampton township line, originally part of the large tract owned by Joseph Growdon. William bought 56 ¼ acres from Townsend. This was very small for a farm holding, suggesting that William made his living as a craftsman. His son Thomas was a carpenter; perhaps William was also.5

Their five children were born between 1727 and 1743. The spacing between births was unusually large for the time; there may have been difficulties with pregnancies or children who died at birth. Four of the children stayed around Bensalem, while one moved up to the northeast corner of Bucks County.

In 1759 William and Mary inherited part of her parents’ estate. Her mother had died in 1747, but her father Henry lived on until 1759 and died at the age of 88.6 He left a tract of 220 acres in Bensalem, and after his death the seven married daughters sold their share of the land to their brothers Frances and Thomas.7 William and Mary got £40 as their share.

William made his will in November 1775.8  He left the plantation of 57 acres to his wife Mary, with the usual provision that one of the sons should provide firewood; this was the son Henry who was probably living on the land already, and who was to have it after Mary’s death. To the other four children William left cash legacies, to be paid after Mary died. The amounts were uneven, but he explained that this was in addition to what they have already had. Henry also received a plantation in Southampton of 48 acres.

William died in 4^th month 1776, aged between 78 and 79. His death was noted in the book of deaths kept by Henry Tomlinson, which included Henry’s neighbors around Byberry.9 This does not mean that William was a member of Byberry Meeting by the time he died. Mary outlived William by twenty years, and died in 1795, age 91.10

Children of William and Mary:11

Thomas, b. 1727, d. 1810, married in 1759 Rachel Duncan, daughter of William Duncan and Mary Carver. Thomas was a carpenter.12 In 1802 they granted to their son Mahlon 9 acres “off the southerly corner” of their land in Bensalem, for $200.13 The same day they granted 4 acres of the northeast corner of their land to their son William, for $315.14

Grace, b. 1731, m. Samuel Cooper, son of William Cooper and Mary Groom. Samuel, b. about 1732; the Groom family owned land near the Ridges in Southampton. Samuel is supposed to have “died very old” according to the Cooper Genealogy.15 He did not leave a will. He and Grace may have had children Grace and William.16

William, b. 1735, d. 1821, m. Catharine Marshall. She was born in 1743, the daughter of Edward Marshall and Elizabeth Oberfeld. Edward was notorious as one of the runners in the Walking Purchase. His family was targeted by an Indian raid in May 1757 and his wife Elizabeth was killed.17 Edward Marshall died in 1790, leaving 15 children including Catherine, wife of William Ridge.18 William and Catharine lived in Tinicum on land inherited from her father. William died there in 1821. In his will he named six sons and five daughters.19 It is not clear how William, from Bensalem, met Catharine, from Tinicum. They lived in opposite corners of  Bucks County.20

Mary, b. 1738, m. 1760 John Praul, the son of Peter Praul and Elizabeth Van Horn. They were married on Nov 6, 1760 at the Presbyterian Church in Abington. The Praul family was of Dutch ancestry, originally from Staten Island.

Henry, b. 1743, d. 1822, m. Elizabeth. Her last name is unknown. They lived in Northampton. Henry died in 1822, and left a will, naming his wife Elizabeth, and children William, Jesse, Aaron, Mahlon, Grace Searl, Rebecca Hicks, Elizabeth Fisher, son Henry deceased, Mary Walton, Lydia Scott.21

William Duncan, son of John and Margaret, was born in 1699.1 He grew up in Bensalem, the oldest of four sons. Like his father John, he was a member of Byberry Meeting and later became an elder of the meeting. William was a weaver and lived in Bensalem, where in 1729 he inherited land from his father.2 Part of the land was to be held for the benefit of his brothers Edmund and John who did not marry and became infirm.3 In 1732 William deeded some of the land to his mother Margaret and his brothers Edmund and John, in trust for her during her life and then to Edmund and John.4

In 1722, William married Rachel Carver, daughter of William and Mary.5 William and Rachel had nine children, several of whom probably died young. In 1737 he left 62 ½ acres in Bensalem to his son William, a blacksmith.6

William wrote his will in 12^th month 1773. Only three of his children were still alive, and he mentioned two of them in the will: William and Esther. He must have felt that his daughter Rachel, wife of Thomas Ridge, did not need his support. Oddly enough the will was not proved until July 1790.7 William died in 1781, an elder of Byberry Meeting, as the meeting record stated, “26^th 11^th mo 1781 in the 83^rd year of his age”.8 Rachel must have died before 1759 when two of her children were married at Byberry meeting, since she did not sign the wedding certificate as would have been customary.9

Children of William and Rachel:10

Mary, b. 16 Nov 1723, no further records

Margaret, b. 12 Apr 1726, d. 19^th mo 1744 unmarried11

William, b. 8 Nov 1728, d. 1807 in Bensalem. He was a blacksmith.12 William did not marry, the “learned old bachelor” described in Martindale’s History of Byberry. He must have trustworthy. In 1761 he was appointed as a guardian for the five children of William Groom, who died in 1760 leaving a widow Rachel.13 In 1772 he was an administrator for the estate of his brother John.14 In 1790 he was the executor for the will of his father William (who had died eight years before).15 In the 1790 census he was listed between Mahlon Ridge and William Giles, both of whom would feature in his will.16 In William’s will, written in 1805 and proved in 1807, he named sisters Rachel and Esther, and nephew William Ridge and four nieces—Rachel Duncan, Esther Briggs, Abigail Giles and Phebe Rich, daughters of his deceased brother John.17 He left his share in Byberry Library to his nephew William Ridge, and also named George Ridge, son of Mahlon Ridge.18

John, b. 2 Aug 1731, married Agnes Comly on 5^th day 12^th month 1759 at Abington. The witnesses included William Duncan, William Duncan Jr, Rachel Duncan, Esther Duncan—three of John’s siblings plus his father.19 Agnes and John had five daughters born between 1760 and 1767.20 John died in October, 1772. Administration on his estate was granted to Richard Walton, William Duncan (John’s brother), Thomas Ridge (John’s brother-in-law) and Daniel Walton.21 Agnes survived her husband and married again, in 1793 to Andrew Singley Jr. of White Sheet Bay on the Delaware River. She died in 1821.22

Sarah, b. 21 Jul 1734, no further records.

Joseph, b. 4 Dec 1737 (twin with Rachel), d. 1765, a house carpenter in Phila,  left a will, written in 1765, proved two weeks later, leaving his estate to his father William, weaver of Bensalem.23

Rachel, b. 4 Dec, 1737 (twin with Joseph), m. 19^th day 12^th month 1759 Thomas Ridge at Byberry Meeting, just two weeks after her brother John married Agnes Comly there. Thomas was the son of William Ridge and Mary Walmsley. Thomas and Rachel lived in Bensalem, where he died in 1810. Rachel died in 1818 in Bensalem. Children: William, Mahlon, Rachel, Thomas, and possibly others.24

Esther, b. 7 Apr 1742, alive in 1805, m. John Praul. In 1807 John Praul was named as the brother-in-law of William Duncan in his will, and served as executor. Esther Praul was named in the will.

Isaac, b. 4 May 1750, no further records.

John was born around 1667 in England and immigrated as a teenager with his parents William and Jane. They settled in Bensalem and were members of Byberry meeting. In 1698 John married Margaret Crighton at Falls Meeting.1 John owned 209 acres in Bensalem on Poquessing Creek, adjoining land of his father William and brother Edmond.2 A memorial to him after his death said that, “he was appointed an elder for Byberry meeting in 1725 and continued such to his decease, which was about the 61^st year of his age and was a useful member in the society.”3

John and Margaret had four sons. The oldest, William, was active in Byberry Meeting and served as its Clerk for many years. He worked as a weaver and lived in Bensalem. Two of his brothers, Edmond and John, were probably unmarried and died infirm and blind.4 The youngest of the four was Patrick, who married out of meeting and probably moved to Maryland.

In 1728 John wrote his will.5 He left land to his son William, and left the remainder of his estate to his wife Margaret. He intended for Margaret and William to care for the two sons who needed it. The executors were Margaret, William, and John’s brother Edmond. John died on 31^st of 12^th mo 1728/29.6 In April 1732 Margaret conveyed the land to her son William and the next day he conveyed it back to her, to be for the benefit of his brothers Edmund and John.7 Margaret did not leave a will and the date of her death is not known.

Children of John and Margaret:8

William, b. 1699, m. in 1722 Rachel Carver, daughter of William and Jane. William was a weaver and they lived in Bensalem.9 William and Rachel had nine children: Mary, Margaret, William, John, Sarah, Joseph, Rachel, Esther and Isaac. William died in 1781, an elder of Byberry meeting.10

Edmund, b. ab. 1701, in 1754 he was infirm and blind, and died in 3^rd mo 1757 blind.11

John, b. ab. 1703, in 1754 he was infirm.12 In 7^th month 1757 he wrote a will leaving the land in Bensalem to his brother Patrick, “granted by my deceased mother Margaret Dunkan to me and my late decd brother Edund Dunkan.” John died in 1760.13

Patrick, b. ab. 1705. He married Rebecca Pritchard at Christ Church in June 1730, and was testified against by Abington Monthly Meeting on 12^th month 1730/31 after a complaint by Byberry Meeting.14 In In 1758 Patrick and his brother John, both of Bensalem, deeded land to William Groom on Poquessing Creek, 209 acres, deeded to Patrick’s father William Duncan in 1697. In 1763 Patrick Duncan requested a certificate for himself and four children to Gunpowder Meeting in Maryland.15 It was probably this Patrick.16

William Cooper was born about 1699, the son of James and Hester Cooper.1 William grew up on Mulberry Street in Philadelphia, where his father was a shoemaker, and later a shopkeeper. When William was young his mother Hester died. His father did not remarry for sixteen years, about the time that William himself married.

About 1722, William married Mary Groom of Byberry about 1722. She was born about 1700, the daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Groom. Their marriage was not recorded in Quaker records, either in Philadelphia or Abington (which would have been the monthly meeting for Byberry). William may have met Mary six years before, when her parents sold land to his parents, and Mary served as a witness. She would have been about fifteen, just old enough to witness a deed. In the deed, Thomas and Elizabeth sold 260 acres of land to James Cooper.2 In 1725 James and Hester sold that land to their son Samuel. Years later Samuel would leave most of it to Mary’s children.

It is not clear where William and Mary lived at first. He bought a tract in Southampton, Bucks County, in 1724, but sold it two years later.3 At the time he bought it he was a “husbandman” of Philadelphia County. They were probably living on some of the land in Moreland that his father James bought in 1711. In 1732 James Cooper and his second wife Mary were buried on the same day. William and his siblings inherited valuable land from their father, to be shared equally. The heirs sold the tract in the Great Swamp of Bucks County to John Parratt in February 1734.4 Parratt paid £30, which had to be split among the six heirs. A more valuable inheritance was the land on Mulberry Street between 2^nd and 3^rd Streets, which was shared among the heirs. It was a simple procedure of drawing lots out of a hat, written up in a complex partition deed.5 William and his brothers and sisters met together in the Manor of Moreland and drew the lots. William drew paper number eight, a less valuable tract than the others, but the heirs balanced the values with a system of payments between themselves. Whoever drew lot eight would get yearly payments from the holders of three other lots. This appears to have been an amiable process, since it bound the siblings together in yearly payments for as long as they owned the land. The lots yielded not only payments from other Coopers, but also groundrents from craftsmen and tradesmen who rented there. Soon after, William and Mary sold the rents from their share to John Robinson, a merchant of Philadelphia, for £50.6

By 1734 William and Mary were living in Byberry and were taxed there for 150 acres.7 All six of their children were probably born by then. In 1736 Mary faced a double loss. William died, leaving her with six children.8 In the fall of 1736, her father Thomas died and made her his executor.9 Normally a son would be an executor, but Thomas’ only son William died four years before his father. Thomas left his daughter Mary the residue of 45 pounds reserved for his care, if not expended already. This suggests that she had been caring for him before he died. Her mother Elizabeth had died some time before, leaving him widowed.

William’s brother Samuel Cooper had no children of his own, and was generous to Mary and her children in his 1750 will.10 He left her a plantation “that I bought of her father Thomas Groom deceased”, probably the tract in Moreland that James bought from Thomas Groom and later sold to Samuel.11 After Mary’s death it was to go to her sons Joseph and Samuel. To her other sons Thomas and James, Samuel left two plantations in Buckingham, “to Thomas Cooper that plantation that William Preston did clear out of the woods and to James Cooper the other plantation that Nathan Preston did clear out of the woods”. He also provided for Mary’s daughters. After the death of his sister Rebecca Kelly, Samuel’s land at Huntingdon was to be sold and the proceeds shared between Mary’s daughters Rebecca and Letitia and several of their cousins.12 All six of Mary’s children also got a share of the residual estate.

Mary outlived her husband by many years, dying in the spring of 1772. Henry Tomlinson referred to her as “Mary Groom an ancient widow” in his book of local deaths.13 She was living in Byberry. In her will she named her surviving children. Thomas inherited the plantation she lived on in Byberry. Thomas was also the executor. Her son Joseph received £10, and her sons Samuel and James each got 20 shillings. Her surviving daughter Letitia got the wearing apparel.14 The inventory was taken on April 18, 1772. It itemized her clothes: four petticoats, some gowns, two aprons, a pair of gloves, two shifts, some caps and handkerchiefs. She had few household goods and no farm implements or animals or crops, suggesting that she already considered these as Thomas’ property.

Children of William and Mary:15

Rebecca, b. ab. 1724, d. 1757, m. William Hibbs, had a daughter Rebecca who m. William Trego in 1768.16

Thomas, b. 1726, d. 1805, m. ab. 1750 Phebe Hibbs, daughter of Joseph and Rachel, settled in Solebury. They were members of Middletown Meeting, and later transferred to Wrightstown. Children: Phebe, Thomas, and Mary.

James, b. 1729, d. 1795, m. at Christ Church in 1750 Hannah Hibbs, dau. of William and Ann, 2) 1778 Elizabeth Wager. James and Hannah had eight children, including a son William who became the father of James Fenimore Cooper. They later moved to Chester County, and are buried in West Caln.

Joseph, d. ab. 1730, d. 1789, m. Elizabeth Stevens; lived in Bensalem. Joseph left a will naming sons Joseph and Benjamin, and six daughters: Catherine, Mary, Rebecca, Charity, Ann, and Letitia. Elizabeth was the residual heir and the executor.17

Samuel, b. ab. 1732, m. Grace Ridge, b. 1731, daughter of William and Mary; the Ridge family owned land near the Grooms in Southampton. Samuel is supposed to have “died very old” according to the Cooper Genealogy. He did not leave a will. He and Grace may have had children Grace and William.18

Letitia, b. ab. 1733, m. about 1753 Abraham States, son of Abraham and Elizabeth, lived in Southampton. Letitia died in 1818 when letters of administration were granted on her estate. Abraham died before her.19 The Staats family was originally Dutch and moved to Bucks County from Staten Island. Abraham was christened in April 1730 at the First Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia, and died after 1810.20 Children: William, Abraham, Letitia, Cooper.

Joseph Martindale wrote about the Duncan family in his history of Byberry. “The Duncans settled north of Byberry, in Bensalem. They were noted in their day as solid and exemplary Friends. Among these were John Duncan, Edmond Duncan, and William Duncan, for many years Clerk of Byberry Meeting. The last of the family was a ‘learned old bachelor’ who died at an advanced age, in 1808.”1 He makes them sound like the proverbial three brothers who immigrated together. In fact, William Duncan came with his wife and two young sons, John and George.2 After they immigrated they had two more children.

William married a woman named Jane while still in England.3 They must have married  by 1666, since their son John was born in 1667. Another son, George, was born about 1671. There is no record of when they immigrated or which ship they sailed on, but they arrived by 1683. They were members of Falls Meeting, and the birth of their son Edmund was recorded in meeting records as 1^st day 4^th month 1684.4

There is no record of William buying land early on, and some indication that they were poor. In early 1688 Jane Adkinson told Falls Monthly Meeting that William Duncan was in need of a house and that Friends should buy him one.5 This was an unusual request for a monthly meeting. Friends were accustomed to taking care of their poor, but only by giving them money, not by finding houses for them. They took up a collection instead, brought in by William Biles in 3^rd mo 1688.6 The land of Thomas Adkinson, which adjoined land of William Duncan, was sold after his death to support his children.7 This is probably the land that William Duncan sold in 1702 to Ann and Gabriel Baynes (mother and son), a tract of 145 acres, patented to Duncan in 1693.8

Jane Duncan was not active in Falls meeting, but when the widowed Jane Adkinson proposed to marry William Biles, Jane Duncan was appointed to investigate Jane’s clearness for the marriage.9 In 1693 William and Jane complained to the meeting that Edmund Lovett and his wife Martha were spreading false rumors about Jane. The meeting investigated and found that the rumors were not true, and also that the Lovetts were not guilty of spreading them.10 In 1699 both William and Jane signed a testimony for Thomas Janney, a noted minister among Friends.11

In 1697 William made another land purchase. He bought 600 acres on in Bensalem from Joseph Growden, paying £70.12 With such a large tract William was able to provide for his three sons. In 1708 William granted 184 acres to his son George and 259 acres to his son John, and in 1714 granted 120 acres to his son Edmund.13

William died in 11^th mo 1715 and was buried 7th day of 11th mo 1715 in Friends ground at Byberry.14 The date of Jane’s death was not recorded.

Children of William and Jane:15

John, b. ab. 1667, lived in Bensalem, died in 1729. He married Margaret Crighton in 1698.16 John was a member of Byberry meeting until his death in March 1729. A memorial to him in the minutes of the Yearly Meeting said that “he was appointed an elder for Byberry meeting in 1725 and continued such to his decease, which was about the 61^st year of his age and was a useful member in the society.”17 He left a will, naming his wife Margaret, and son William, and brother Edmund. His other two sons were infirm and had to be cared for by Margaret, and then William.18

George, b. ab. 1671, d. 1729 at age 58, m. before 1700 1) Mary Saunders, 2) Mary Ball. In 1715 George took a certificate from Abington Meeting to Cecil Monthly Meeting, Kent County, Maryland.19 His children included Joseph, William, Ebenezer, and James.20

Ellen or Eleanor, b. ab. 1680, m. 1702 Alexander Mode.21 In 1713 they sold their Byberry land to William Homer and moved to Kent County.22 They may have moved along with Ellen’s brother George. In 1735 Alexander was a witness at the wedding of George Duncan Jr.23 They may have spent time in Chester County, where the records of London Grove meeting show the birth of Alexander Mood in 1713, probably a son of Alexander and Eleanor.24

Edmond, b. 1684, m. 1708 Sarah Butler at Falls Meeting. Edmond died in 1760 and left a will, naming his surviving children: Edmond, Isaac, Catherine, Jane, Sarah, Helen, Ann and Mary. Edmund and Sarah also had a son George, born 1729, who must have died before Edmond wrote his will.25 Sarah was not named in the will and must have died before Edmond. The son Isaac moved to Plumstead, Bucks County.26

Thomas Cooper was born in 1726, the oldest son of William Cooper and Mary Groom.1 His father William died when Thomas was eight, leaving Mary with six children to raise. Thomas grew up in Byberry, Philadelphia County, on a farm on the Bucks County line.2 About 1750 Thomas married Phebe Hibbs, daughter of Joseph and Rachel of Byberry.3 By the will of his uncle Samuel in 1750, Thomas received “that plantation at Buckingham that William Preston did clear out of the woods.” Thomas and Phebe settled in Solebury, Bucks County.4 Solebury adjoins Buckingham and it might be the same land.

In 1768 they transferred to Wrightstown Monthly Meeting from Middletown, with their children Phebe, Thomas and Mary.5 In 1772 Thomas’ mother Mary died. Thomas inherited the plantation she was living on in Byberry.6 Thomas and Phebe probably did not move there, but instead rented out the land, since in 1779 Thomas Cooper’s “estate” was taxed in Byberry for £1.0.0. This does not mean that Thomas was dead, only that someone was renting land of his.7 In 1788 Thomas and Phebe were living in Upper Makefield. They sold a tract in Solebury to Charles Watson for £25, land that had been granted to them in 1779 by Jonathan Scholfield.8

Thomas wrote his will on the 23^rd day of the 6^th month in 1803.9 Phebe had died before him and was not named in the will. He died in 1805, “being advanced in years”. In his will he named his daughter Mary, five children of daughter Phebe (Groom) deceased (Phebe, Thomas, Evan, Mary, John), and four grandsons (sons of his son Thomas). Mary got the teakettle. The Groom grandchildren inherited £5 to be equally divided among them. His other grandchildren, the four sons of Thomas and Mary, got specific legacies: Joseph the riding mare and saddle, Thomas the desk and the beaver hat, Samuel the clock and feather bed, William the red chest, bed, and large Bible. His son Thomas inherited the residue and served as the executor.

The inventory was taken on August 29 and showed the household goods of a farmer. He bequeathed some of the goods—two beds, two chests, a desk, kitchen goods, a riding mare—to his family. The remaining inventory included “pocket books” perhaps for keeping accounts, a pipe, linens, two looking glasses, razors, coffee mills, tools, barrels, four hives of bees, five sheep and a cow. The total value of the estate was $846.21.10

Children of Thomas and Phebe:11

Phebe, b. 1750/1, d. before 1803, m. John Groom, son of Thomas and Lydia ab. 1780. John and Phebe were second cousins on the Groom side.12 John died in Upper Makefield in 1810. He did not make a will, and his estate was handled by the Bucks County Orphans Court.13 His personal estate was insufficient to pay his debts and even after the land was sold the creditors received only part of what they were owed.14 Children: Phebe, Thomas, Evan, Mary, John.15

Thomas, b. ab. 1759, d. 1839, m. Mary Merrick, lived in Solebury.16 Thomas died intestate, leaving children Joseph, Thomas, Samuel, William, Rachel, Martha, and Phebe. Thomas’ wife Mary apparently died before him. In 1840 Thomas’ heirs sold two farms in order to settle the estate.17

Mary, b. 1765, d. 1831, m. Benjamin Cooper, son of James and Hannah.18 Mary and Benjamin were first cousins; their fathers were both sons of William Cooper and Mary Groom. He could have been the Benjamin Cooper who died in 1798, leaving no will. The names of their children, if any, are unknown.