The Schumacher family was prominent in the records of religious persecution in Kriegsheim on the Upper Rhine.1 Peter Schumacher was born around 1622, the son of the Mennonites Arnold Schumacher and Agnes Roesen. Peter was an early convert to Quakerism through the efforts of traveling missionaries. In 1665 he was fined two guilders for attending a meeting of Friends at Worms, a two-hour ride away from Kreigsheim.2  He and his brother George and other Quakers were fined for refusing to bear arms, and for holding religious meetings. The fines included one shilling sterling (imposed upon every Friend for attendance at each religious meeting), numerous cows, “a fat sow”, an ass, bedding, pewter, and from one-seventh to one-fifth of their garden produce.”3 When the local people protested this treatment of the Friends, the Burggraff John Shoffer “forbade their speaking much about it.”4

In 6^th Month, 1677 Penn himself visited this part of the Rhineland.

“… we returned that night by the Rhine to Worms, from whence we … Walked on Foot to Crisheim, which is about six English miles from Worms. We had a good Meeting from the Tenth until the Third Hour, and the Lord’s Power sweetly opened to many of the Inhabitants of the Town that were at the Meeting; yea, the Vaught or Chief Officer himself Stood at the Door behind the Barn, where he could hear, and not be seen; who went to the Priest and told him, that it was his Work, if we were Hereticks, to discover us to be such, but for his Part, he had heard nothing but what was Good, and he would not meddle with us. … Poor Hearts, a little Handful surrounded with Great and Mighty Countries of Darkness…”5

In 1678 Peter Schumacher, his brother George, Christoffel Morrel, Hans Laubach, and Gerret Hendricus circulated a daring poem as a broadside, showing their defiance of the authorities.

“Let our proud foes fume and rage,
Let their power vainly storm!
God is with us in this age;
He regards their threats with scorn.
Though they hold us for their sport,
Our hope still is stayed on God!”6

The Quakers continued to be a thorn in the side of the authorities, until in May 1685 the government threatened to banish them.

“The Friends of Krisheim had still to meet the church-tithes and the Turkish-war taxes which were demanded of them, both of which they steadfastly refused to pay as being contrary to their religious principles. Their refusal also to stand sentinel at the town’s walls was the last straw which broke the patience of the electoral steward at Hochheim, Herr Schmal by name, who [petitioned] the government to order the banishment of ‘the foolish sect’.”7

On the 8^th of May, Gerhard Hendricks, Hans Peter Umstat, and Peter Schumacher petitioned for permission to leave Kriegsheim. They needed passports to travel up the Rhine and out of German lands. It is not clear whether they received passports, but they probably did, since they appeared in Rotterdam by early August. There they signed contracts with the merchant Dirck Sypman for land in Germantown. Peter paid two rix dollars for 200 acres. Sypman, a wealthy Mennonite merchant of Krefeld, had no intention of immigrating himself; he had bought rights to 5,000 acres in Pennsylvania, to be laid out on condition that he settle a number of families there. Schumacher was to proceed “with the first good wind” to Pennsylvania, where the land was to be laid out.8 At the same time that Schumacher signed his deed, Gerhard Hendricks and Hans Peter Umstat signed similar deeds. It is possible that Sipman paid their passage as part of the deal.9

From Rotterdam they would catch a boat to London, and then journey across the Atlantic to Pennsylvania. Peter was traveling with four of his children. He had been married about 1655, but his wife’s name is not known.10 They had five known children before her death, sometime before 1685. One of the daughters, Agnes, was married to the Mennonite Dielman Kolb, and would stay in Germany. The others—Peter, Mary, Frances, and Gertrude—sailed with Peter on the Frances and Dorothy, and arrived in Philadelphia on 12 October 1685.11 Passengers arriving in Philadelphia were supposed to register their arrival with the authorities. This was largely ignored, but many of the passengers from the Frances and Dorothy were registered, including Peter Schumacher’s family and his cousin Sarah, Isaac Shepherd, Hans Peter Umstat, Garret Hendricks, Henry Pookeholes, John Saxby, and Aron Wonderley.12 Sarah Shoemaker, the widow of Peter’s brother George, came on the Frances and Dorothy with seven children and settled on 200 acres in Cheltenham.13

When Peter arrived he found that Sipman’s land was not convenient for settlement. “Pieter acknowledged that he had received 200 acres in Germantown from Sipman, which shall be delivered according to measurement by Herman Isaacs op den Graeff, for a yearly rent of two rix-dollars a year, “without any reduction, whatsoever the pretense may be”.14 But when he arrived in Germantown he found that Sipman’s land was “so far out of the way that said Peter Schumacher upon his arrival could not possibly go thither”.15 Therefore Herman Isaacs op den Graeff tried to preserve the contract between Sipman and Schumacher by granting to Shoemaker 25 acres in Germantown (adjacent to land Shoemaker bought from Abraham op den Graeff), plus 25 acres further north in Krisheim, and the remaining 150 acres in land of Sipman’s not yet laid out.”16

Peter and his family settled into the life of Germantown. In 1691 he was naturalized and made a citizen, along with his son Peter, nephews George and Isaac, and cousin Jacob. The Germans living in Pennsylvania at the time were eager to be naturalized, to ensure the legality of their land ownership. At the time Germantown had some independence, as Penn had promised, electing their own burgesses and enacting ordinances. Peter (now Anglicized to Shoemaker) served as a burgess and a justice.17 The Germantown people still had to pay taxes, and in 1693 Peter Shoemaker was on the tax list. He served on juries. One memorable case was in June 1701, when the jury decided that “the cart and lime killed the man, the wheel wounded his back and head and it killed him.”18 In 1704 Daniel Falkner went into the Germantown court and abused the justices, including Peter Shoemaker, railing most greviously” and using “foul language”. He went out crying, “You are all fools.”19

Peter was active in the affairs of the Germantown friends.20  Before they built a meeting house, they sometimes met at his house, “’in the meadow’ a quarter of a mile east of Germantown Road on Shoe-maker’s Lane now Penn Street, where William Penn preached to the people from the doorstep.”21 Peter served as a witness for Quaker marriage in Germantown, attended Quarterly Meeting as a delegate, and contributed to the building of a stone meeting house in 1705.22 Two of his children married under the auspices of Abington Monthly Meeting.23

Peter died in 1707 in Germantown. He had outlived his wife by over twenty years. “It is not known where he was buried, but it is presumed he was laid to rest in the old Shoemaker Burying Ground…on the south side of the present Cheltenham Avenue…just west of York Road…In the early Friends meetings, it is referred to as the Cheltenham Burial ground.”24

Children of Peter Shoemaker:25

Agnes, died 1705, married Dielman Kolb, stayed in Germany, where Dielman died in 1712. They had seven children. Several of the sons became Mennonite ministers and came to Pennsylvania.

Peter, born Germany, died 1741, married in 1697 Margaret Op den Graeff, daughter of Herman.26 Peter was a carpenter, active in public life in Germantown and in the affairs of the monthly meeting, acting as an overseer and repeatedly serving as a representative to the Quarterly Meeting. In 1701 he served as overseer for the school. 27 In 1703 he was appointed, with Isaac Shoemaker, to arrange for building a prison house and stocks. In 1717 he was chosen, with Thomas Canby, Morris Morris and Everard Bolton, to “comprize ye Mo: Meeting Minits, whereby they may be Transcribed according to ye mo: Meetings order.” He died in 1741 and left his land to his three sons, Isaac, Peter and John.28 Children of Peter and Margaret: Peter, Isaac, John, Mary, Margaret, Elizabeth, Agnes, Sarah.

Mary, married Reynier Herman van Barkelow. Van Barkelow was born in the Netherlands and came to New York as an infant. Along with his brother Harman, he became involved with the Labadists, a Pietist sect based in Holland that had obtained land from Augustine Hermann in Bohemia Manor, Cecil County, Maryland. Mary and Reynier moved to Maryland and had a large family.29 Reynier’s will was probated in 1713 in Delaware.30 In it he named his wife Mary, children Peter, Mary, Margarette, Daniel, Susanna, William, Herman, Jacob, Samuel and Rebecca.

Fronica, married about 1690 Isaac Jacobs van Bebber, son of Jacob Isaacs van Bebber, a Mennonite of Krefeld. Along with Fronica’s sister Mary and her husband, Isaac and Fronica moved from Germantown to Bohemia Manor.31 Isaac died there in 1723, leaving a will naming children Jacob, Hester, Christina, Veronica, Peter and Isaac. His wife Fronica had died before him.32

Geertje, married Peter Cleaver the emigrant, in 1695 at Abington Meeting. Her name is often anglicized to Catherine. Peter had immigrated to Germantown about 1689 and worked as a weaver. In 1699 Peter and Catherine moved to adjoining Bristol Township, Philadelphia County and raised a large family. Peter died in 1727 and named seven children in his will; Catherine had died before him. Children: Christine, Peter, Derick, Eve, John, Isaac, Agnes.33

The Mennonites of the Rhineland in the 1500s lived at the whim of the rulers. They were not citizens, nor one of the three recognized religions (Catholic, Lutheran, Reformed). They were resented by the clergy and sometimes their neighbors, because of their independence and refusal to pay war taxes.1 Initially they were welcomed in some places, because the land had been decimated by the Thirty Years’ War, and people were needed to resettle it.2 Where they were welcome, they established colonies and made an industrious living especially as weavers.3

Arnold Schumacher and his wife Agnes were some of these Mennonites. They were married about 1620 lived in Neiderdollendorf on the Rhine, near the Siebengebirge (“Seven Mountains”). Arnold died before 1655, when Agnes, as a widow, sold their lands there, including meadows and vineyards, as ordered by the ruler.4 She appeared before the rent controller with her son-in-law Matthias Bonn, and two grown sons Peter and George, to assign guardians for her under-aged children.5 Nießen, widow of the late Arndt Schumacher, and Tisza Bonn, their son-in-law, as heirs, as well as Peter and Georg, their adult children, as well as Daniel Behren and Peter Rößen as prescribed guardians [for] the underage children of both Arndt Rößen and Tisza Bonn, namely Berndtgen, Arnold, Freuchen and Adlege.” Frohnhaus pointed out that it is ambiguous whether the four children belonged to Arndt and Agnes or Tisza (Matthias) Bonn, their son-in-law.] One of the guardians was Peter Roßen, apparently her father. The properties were sold to Gerhardt von Bonn and his wife Catherine for 1440 taler. After they paid 300 taler for debts, the rest was divided among the children.

The Schumacher family of Dollendorf may have moved to Dollendorf from another area of the Rhineland. It is possible that Arnold Schumacher, husband of Agnes, was the son of Arndts Henrich and his wife of Monschau, 120 km to the west.6

“… it is possible that their roots go back to a small Mennonite colony at Monschau, in the Rhine Province of Germany, just south of Aachen and a few miles east of the Belgian frontier. … At Monschau in the year 1597, is found a Henrich Schumacher and his wife and Arndts (Arnold) Henrich and his wife, Dedenborn…When persecution began in this area, and these Mennonite families began to lose their possession by confiscation, the colony appears to have moved to Dollendorf, near Lowenburg in the Siebengebirge hills on the east bank of the Rhine River, south of Cologne.”7

By the time Peter Schumacher was middle-aged, he was living in yet another town on the Rhine. In 1665 he was fined for attending a Quaker meeting near Kreigsheim, where he was living. Kreigsheim is 200 km south of Niederdollendorf, along the Rhine. Peter was an outspoken member of the Quaker community there, and had goods impounded for refusing to bear arms and for attending religious services.8

“Once the war was ended, however, their notorious diligence attracted the favor of the new elector, the Protestant Karl Ludwig ([ruled] 1648-1680), who needed nothing more urgently than settlers to restore his ravaged land. His mild immigration policies drew not only Catholics, Lutherans, and Reformed, but Mennonites and a even small Bruderhof of Hutterites from far-off Moravia as well. And so the surviving Palatine Anabaptist communities shortly became the base for new settlements of harassed fellow-believed from both north (The ‘Siebengebirge’ area) and south (Switzerland and Alsace)… Already in 1652 the church office in Niederflörsheim, the next village north of Kriegsheim, was complaining that foreign ‘Anabaptists’… had slipped into their community.”9

Finally Peter decided to immigrate. By 1685 his mother, wife and brother George were all dead. His brother-in-law Matthias Bonn remained a Mennonite and stayed in Kriegsheim.10

Children of Arnold and Agnes:

Peter, b. about 1622, immigrated in 1685, died in 1707.

George, b. ab. 1625, married Sarah, died before 1685 in Germany.

a daughter, married Matthias Bonn

possible others

Thomas Williams appeared in Burlington, West Jersey, in 1686, when he sought to marry the widow Rebecca Bennett. There are no records to show when he immigrated, but circumstantial evidence that he was from Pembrokeshire, Wales. When the merchant Abraham Hardiman died of smallpox in Philadelphia in 1702, he left behind a will, naming among others his cousin Rebecca Williams, whose passage he had paid along with Samuel Carpenter. Carpenter was the richest man in the colony, but he had not paid Rebecca’s passage solely because he could afford it. He was married to Hannah Hardiman, Abraham’s sister.1 When Thomas William’s daughter Rebecca married Thomas Iredell in 1705, the certificate was signed, in the place for close family, by Hannah Carpenter, two of her children, and three Hardimans.2 It is clear that Rebecca Williams was a relative of the Hardimans, probably a first cousin.

The Hardimans were from Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire. George Fox visited there in 1657 and held a large gathering for worship.3 By 1681 the Quaker community was large enough to have a monthly meeting and multiple meetings for worship.4 On the 24^th day of the 6^th month (August) 1681, Abraham Hardiman of Haverfordwest married Diana Thomas of Lowhadon.5 The certificate was signed, after Abraham and Diana themselves, by William Thomas and John Hardiman, almost certainly the fathers.6 Two women of the Hardiman family also signed, Rebecca and Hannah.7 When Hannah Hardiman immigrated in 1683, the meeting at Haverfordwest gave her a certificate, signed by Abraham Hardiman among others.8 Hannah also brought a certificate signed by her mother “Jone”, giving her consent for Hannah to depart.9

Abraham and Diana were married in the summer of 1681 and a year later, in 7^th month 1682, John, son of Abraham, was buried at “Nesthook”.10 This was not the home of the Hardimans as some have assumed; it was the burying ground for the local Friends.11

“…The earlier West Hook was considerably closer to Haverfordwest town, near the farms now called East Hook and Honey Hook. An old Quaker burial ground is located on or near the older farm’s grounds. You probably won’t find the name of either farm site on most present-day maps, although you will find East Hook and Honey Hook, both of which are near to the place that it was located, and some maps show the burial ground.”12

On the Ordinance Survey map of 1898, Westhook Farm is shown west of Marloes, adjoining Easthook Farm.

Some time after the death of their son John, Abraham and Diana immigrated to Philadelphia where they both appear in records of Philadelphia Monthly Meeting and where he worked as a merchant. Diana died in 1694 and in 1698 Abraham married the widow Rebecca Willsford.13

If Rebecca Williams was in fact a first cousin of the Hardimans, then her mother must have been a Hardiman, a daughter of John and Jane. Rebecca was not born in Pennsylvania; her cousins paid for her passage.14 From her marriage date of 1705, she was probably born between 1680 and 1685. Could her mother have been the Rebecca Hardiman who signed the marriage record of Abraham and Diana in 1681? If that Rebecca married Thomas Williams and had a daughter Rebecca, it would account for the family relationships. By this account, the mother died in Wales and Thomas immigrated without his daughter, presumably leaving her with relatives. He then remarried, and at some unknown date his daughter Rebecca came to Pennsylvania.15

When Thomas wanted to marry Rebecca Bennett, they needed permission from Burlington Monthly Meeting where he was living, and Falls Monthly Meeting in Bucks County where Rebecca was living near Cold Spring. Burlington Meeting gave him a certificate with no concerns.16 The Falls meeting appointed Phineas Pemberton to make sure that the estate of Rebecca’s deceased husband William Bennett was properly set aside for his daughters.17 This was settled, but Thomas still had to make satisfaction for his improper conduct. When he went before the women’s meeting to propose his intentions, he refused to remove his hat. He also said something disrespectful to the women’s meeting and its de facto leader, Margaret Cook, and was forced to acknowledge his error. He refused to write a paper at first, but complied the next month, removing the impediment to their marriage.18

Thomas and Rebecca lived in Burlington. At some point they had a daughter together, named Mary.19 The town had been settled early by Quakers, even before the tidal wave of ships to Pennsylvania in 1682 and 1683, and the meeting in the town of Burlington was founded in 1678. In 1693 Thomas bought a house and 40 acres of land in Burlington County from Bridget Guy, widow of Richard Guy. He and Rebecca probably did not live on this land, since in 1699 he gave a power of attorney to his wife Rebecca and Edward Burroughs to take possession of a 40-acre property above Burlington, bought from Bridgett Guy in 1693.20 If this was the same property, why did he wait six years to take possession of it? The land they might have lived on was the 160-acre tract bought in September 1694 from George Hutchinson, a distiller of Burlington.21 Did Williams combine these two tracts to make the 200-acre plantation that he sold to William West in November 1699?22

It’s possible that Thomas was selling off his property in order to leave West Jersey. In 1701/02 the grand jury in Burlington presented him for fornication. According to the records, the jury was “disturbed that Thomas Williams got his wife’s daughter with child.” He ran away but the daughter is “yet in the place and ought to answer for it.”23 The grand jury presented Rebecca Bennett, now wife of John Scholey. Her husband was fined five pounds to resolve the matter. Where had Thomas Williams gone? He disappears from the records until February 1706/07 when the will of Rebecca Williams, “widow of Thomas of Philadelphia, carpenter” was probated in Philadelphia.24 In the will she named her daughters Rebecca Schooly, Sarah Edwards, and Mary Williams.25 Mary was the executor. Rebecca Williams made no mention in the will of her step-daughter Rebecca Williams Iredell. Perhaps they were not close.

Child of Thomas Williams and a first wife, possibly Rebecca Hardiman

Rebecca, born about 1680 to 1685, possibly in Haverfordwest, Pembroke, Wales. She immigrated before 1705 when she married Thomas Iredell in Philadelphia. They moved to Horsham, where Thomas died in 1727. Children: Mary, Abraham, Rebecca, Robert, Rachel and Hannah.

Child of Thomas Williams and Rebecca Bennett, widow of William Bennett

Mary, born after 1686, unmarried in 170726

Step-children of Thomas Williams, children of William and Rebecca Bennett

William, in his father’s will of 1683, probably did not immigrate.

Mary, married to Thomas Chandler, in her father’s will of 1683, probably did not immigrate.

Rebecca, immigrated with her parents in 1683, married John Scholey Jr of West Jersey.

Sarah, immigrated with her parents in 1683, married Robert Edwards.27

Elizabeth, immigrated in 1683 on the Concord, married Richard Lundy, died before 1707.

Ann, immigrated with her parents in 1683, probably died before 1707.

Thomas Roberts was a Welshman who emigrated to Pennsylvania as a young man around 1699.1 By some accounts he sailed on the Canterbury, along with William Penn, who was returning to Pennsylvania after an extended stay in England.2 Roberts lived in Bristol Township, on the Old York Road, and worked as a stone mason.3 Germantown surged in population around 1745 to 1767 and there would have been much work there for a stone mason.4 He is traditionally said to have helped build the meeting house in Germantown.5 Friends there originally met in members’ houses, traditionally the house of Thonis Kunders, but in 1705 they decided to build a new meeting house and asked Abington Monthly Meeting for help. Subscriptions were raised and in September Heifert Papen donated fifty acres for the meeting house (and presumably a burying ground as well).6 Since that was the closest meeting to Bristol, Thomas probably attended the Germantown meeting for worship and may have helped with the building.7

In 1705 he married Eleanor Potts under the auspices of Abington Monthly Meeting.8 Eleanor was an orphan who had come over in 1698 with her sisters and brothers.  Their father John had died in Wales and their mother was presumably also dead. Her sister Mary and brother John were placed as apprentices by Philadelphia Monthly Meeting. It is not known where Eleanor lived until she married Thomas.

In 1713 Thomas bought 200 acres in Bristol on Tacony Creek. He was taxed on this land in 1734.9 He owned this land until 1753 when he and Eleanor gave it to their son John for love and affection.10 In 1739 Thomas bought a four-acre lot in Germantown, on the Germantown road, adjoining the burying ground. In 1748 they sold two acres of this lot to Samuel Bell.11

Thomas appears often in the records of Abington Monthly Meeting.12 In 1725 he was named as an elder to attend meetings (along with Reynear Tyson of Abington and John Duncan of Byberry. He was an overseer.13 He attended the Quarterly meeting several times. In 1750 he and John Hammer were appointed to attend burials.14 He and sometimes Eleanor attended wedding at Abington meeting and signed as witnesses.15 She was an elder of Abington at her death.16 Three of their children married under the auspices of Abington Meeting.

He died in 1756 in Germantown.17 He left a will naming Eleanor and children Thomas, John, Mary and Sarah (deceased), as well as two grandsons, Thomas Jones and Thomas Roberts Jr.18 The inventory of Thomas’ estate, taken 20^th 8^th month 1756, showed household goods, one cow and one horse and two properties, one in Germantown and one on Gilberts Alley. The total value was a respectable £587.19 Eleanor died before 8^th month 1768, when Philadelphia Quarterly Meeting reported that Eleanor Roberts, an elder of Abington, had died.20

Children of Thomas and Eleanor:

Mary, born about 1706, married 1727, at Abington Meeting, Peter Tyson, son of Rynear and Margaret. They lived in Abington, where Peter was a farmer. He died in 1791, and left a will naming his four surviving children: Rynear, Thomas, Margaret, Peter. His daughter Eleanor died before him, as did his wife Mary. His substantial estate was not settled until 1804.21

Thomas, born 1709, died 1757 in Germantown.22 Thomas married in 1734 at Abington Rachel Livezey, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth.23 Thomas worked as a mason and was living in Bristol in 1743 when he bought 40 acres from Thomas Edwards.24 He died in 1757.25 The inventory of his estate included household goods, farming implements, and farm animals, for a total value of £241. Rachel died in 9^th month 1760 and was buried in Germantown.26 Children: Thomas, Mary, Elizabeth, Ann, Jonathan, John, James, Daniel.27

Sarah, married 1749 Isaac Jones, at Abington Meeting.28 Thomas and Eleanor signed at the top of the witness list, along with Katherine Jones, presumably Isaac’s mother.29 Sarah died before her father and was named as deceased in his will written in 1753. She and Isaac had at least one child, a son Thomas, also named in the will.30

John. He is said to have married Anne Nanna in 1750 in a Reformed church, but this has not been confirmed.31 John was a miller and lived in Bristol Township. In 1753 his parents gave him a tract of 200 acres that had been conveyed to them in 1713.32 In 1756 John bought more land in Bristol, two tracts totaling 161 acres, from Robert Strettell and his wife Philotesia.33 In 1775 John wrote a will leaving his real estate to be shared among his five children, with the “mill seat near the quarry” to be reserved for the son Nathan.34 However in 1781, when four of the children partitioned his real estate, Nathan was “absent”. In fact Nathan had sided with the British during the Revolution, was declared a traitor by the Council, and forfeited his one-fifth share of the land in Bristol.35 The other four children were Israel, Sarah (married to David Evans), Eleanor, and Ann.36

John Potts was a Quaker of Llangurig, Montgomeryshire, who died there around 1698. He was the son of Thomas and Elizabeth Pott, one of eight children.1 Thomas had been persecuted for his Quaker beliefs. In 1675 he was brought before a jury for failure to attend services at the parish church.2 Thomas died before 1683, when Elizabeth immigrated to Pennsylvania with her daughter Jane in 1683. Three of her other children also came to Pennsylvania, but John did not live to immigrate.

John did not leave a will and his wife’s name is unknown, but she must have died by 1698 as well, because they left behind five known children, described as orphans, who were brought to Pennsylvania under the care of Quakers. The children came on the William Galley. In March 1698, the ship was hired by David Powell and John Morris, both of Radnor, who agreed to pay £5 for each passenger over 12 years old, and 50s for each child.3 The owner and master of the ship were to provide food and drink. The ship was to leave in May. Powell and Morris between them paid for 17 passengers.4 It is unclear who paid for the orphans of John Potts.

In 1699, John Austin told the Philadelphia meeting that “several orphans, children of John Potts of Wales, came here last year, their passage being paid, this meeting desires Edward Shippen and Anthony Morris to speak with the persons concerned, and see for convenient places in order that the Children be bound out apprentices by the next Orphans Court.”5 In early 1700 the meeting reported that “There are two orphan children of one Potts to be put out, Thomas Potts, being their uncle.”6 Mary was placed with Isaac Shoemaker for two years. In 1702 he requested an extension. “A Friends child named Mary Potts, having been with Isaac Shoemaker for two years, the time agreed is near out and she wants learning. That she may have what learning is sufficient, he desires to have her bound to him for some time.”7

Her brother John was apprenticed to John Austin to be a ship carpenter. Apparently he did not like it, since in 1703 he asked the meeting to find another place for him. In 1708 he complained to the meeting that he had served out his time of apprenticeship, but that his mistress would not discharge him.8

Children of John: born in Wales, around 1680 to 1690, “the orphans”9

Thomas, born about 1680, died 1752.10 He lived first in Germantown, where he worked as a butcher or innkeeper, possibly working for his father-in-law Peter Keurlis.11 In 1699 Thomas married Metgen (in the English-form Martha), daughter of Peter and Elizabeth, in a Quaker ceremony. Thomas bought and sold land, moving his family to Philadelphia and finally up to Colebrookdale, where Thomas Rutter had built an iron furnace on Manatawney Creek. Potts invested in the furnace, and later bought much of Rutter’s house, land, and estate. After Martha died, Thomas married a woman named Magdalen.12 He died in 1752, leaving a large estate. His will named his wife Magdalen and five living children: Thomas, David, John, Mary and Elizabeth.13

John, born about 1682, died about 1721. As a youth, after his arrival, he was placed as apprentice to his uncle John Austin, a ship carpenter. He married a woman named Rebecca and they are believed to have had four children, none of whom survived infancy.14 John died about 1721.

Eleanor, born about 1685, d. 1766, m. 1705 Thomas Roberts the emigrant, under the care of Abington Meeting. He was a stone mason. They lived in Bristol Township, Philadelphia County, where he died in 1756. Children: Thomas, Mary, Sarah, John. She died about 1766 in Bristol Township.

Mary, placed as an apprentice with Isaac Shoemaker, married first in  1707/08 Matthias Tyson, son of Rynear and Margaret, lived in Abington. With Matthias, she had eleven children, six of whom lived to marry.15 The children were Margaret, Mary, Rynear, John, Sarah, Elizabeth (died young), Isaac, Martha, Elizabeth, Matthew. Mathias died in 1727 and in 1732 Mary married Thomas Fitzwater Jr, son of Thomas and Mary. The Tysons and Fitzwaters were the largest landowners in Abington, digging and burning limestone as well as farming. He had six children, named in his will of 1748.16 Mary survived him.

Margaret, married Evan Morgan in 1709 at Christ Church, Philadelphia. In 1714 they sold a tract of land in Bucks County to Margaret’s brother Thomas .17 Three years later Evan was dead. Letters of administration were granted to Margaret (as Margery), her brother Thomas, and her brother-in-law Mathias Tyson. The inventory of the estate (taken by Thomas Fitzwater) was rather sparse, with a value of £49. It is not known whether Margaret married again.

The ancestors of the Pott family of southeastern Pennsylvania lived in central Wales, in the parish of Llangirig, Montgomeryshire.1 It is a countryside of rolling hills, and the land outside of Philadelphia would have looked familiar to the early Potts immigrants.2 The Potts were farmers and their wills mention cows, horses and especially sheep. To sell the wool from their sheep, they would have ridden five miles through the hills to the nearest market town, in Llanidloes. There they would sell their goods in the old timber-framed market hall, and shop for goods in the booths surrounding the hall on fair days.3 Until the mid-1600s, when some of them became Quakers, they would have gone to the local church, dedicated to St. Curig.4 The town takes its name from the church; Llangirig means the church or enclosure of Curig.5

In February 1672 John Pott of Llangurig wrote his will.6 He called himself a yeoman and began the will with the usual religious clause.7 He named seven children, but no wife. His wife, whose name was Anne, must have died before him. The first child named in the will is Thomas, possibly named for John’s father, who has not been identified.8 A Thomas Pott of Llangirig wrote his will in August 1654, and named his daughter Anne and son-in-law John Pott; this is believed to be Anne’s father, not John’s, in spite of the coincidence of names.9 According to Thomas’ will, Anne and John lived on Nant-gwernog farm on the outskirts of Llangirig.10 Since they had eight children by 1654, John and Anne were probably married about 1630.11

John was not a wealthy man. He left each of his children sixpence except one, the daughter Sarah. She was to receive livestock, grain and “all the rest of my goods”, on condition that she pay his debts and legacies and execute the will.12 (The will was proved in 1673 by the court of the Bishop at Bangor.) The others were Thomas, George, Margaret, Ales, Elizabeth, and Anne. Thomas could not read and signed the will by mark. It was witnessed by John Pott and Thomas Pott, an indication that there were other Potts in the area, about whom little is known, since they did not leave wills.13 Another witness was Edward Jarman. The Jarman family were Quakers and one of them, John Jarman, immigrated to Pennsylvania in 1683 and settled in Radnor.14

In the spring of 1675, at the court in Welshpool, four Quakers of Llangirig were charged with non-attendance at Church and holding conventicles.15 In 1677 the authorities raided the house of John Jerman of Llanidloes while a Friends’ meeting was being held. John Pott was there, and he was punished by having a cow and six calves taken from him for a value of £12.10.0. Seven Quakers were thrown into prison; he may have been one of them.16 This John Pott was probably not the elderly man who had made his will three years earlier. It was probably a younger man, a nephew or even his grandson John, known to be a Quaker. A Quaker burial ground was established on the land of Nant-gwernog farm, called Quaker’s Garden in 1708 when it was granted as a burial ground for an annual rent of one peppercorn.17 It is not clear when the farm first came into the possession of the family, or when the first family members were buried there as Quakers. Some of them were Quakers in 1693, including John’s grandson, son of his son Thomas.

“The Pott family were still Quakers at the end of the 17th century, for in a Minute of Montgomeryshire Monthly Meeting held at Dolobran, 5th month, 1693, is entered: ‘care is to be taken to have the house of John Pott of Llangurig recorded for a meeting house at next Quarter Sessions.’ This, of course, was after the passing of the 1689 Toleration Act which allowed freedom of worship. The ‘house of John Pott’ was the farmhouse of Nantgwernog … This farm is situated close to another, Fedw ddu, whose owner, one Thomas Hamer, in 1708 sold land to the Quakers for a burial ground.”18

Thomas Pott, the son of John

Thomas Pott, son of John and Ann, was born about 1632. His parents lived on Nantgwernog farm and Thomas would have grown up there, one of eight children. Around 1656 he married a woman named Elizabeth; her last name is unknown.19 Since they were Quakers, they would have been married in a Quaker ceremony, probably in the house of one of the members. He was probably the Thomas Pott persecuted as a Quaker in 1675. In Poole (present-day Welshpool), the grand jury presented nine people for absenting themselves from services at the parish church. They were David Owen Edward and Griffith Jarman, John Pott, Thomas Pott, David Jenkin and his wife Jane, Sarah Rees, and James Hamer.20 Two years later the mayor of Llanidoes came with the constables to a Friends meeting at the house of John Jarman and committed seven Quakers to prison and fined others, including John Pott.21 He was fined one cow and six “yearly beasts”, worth £12.10.0.

Thomas and Elizabeth had eight known children before his death. He died before 1683, and in that year Elizabeth emigrated with her daughter Jane.22 In 7^th month 1684 they requested their headright, fifty acres per person granted to servants, and the Commissioners issued a warrant for a hundred acres to be laid out, plus a lot in the city.23 being a servant”. (Minutes of the Board of Property, Minute Book G, 3^rd month 1703.)] A month later the Commissioners ordered David Powell to survey the land “among the Welshmen for the conveniency of the poor woman”.24 Elizabeth probably did not live among the Welsh of Chester County, since in 1685 she married Edmund Bennet of Bucks County at the house of John Otter near Burlington.25 Edmund had immigrated from Bristol, where he had worked as a tobacco cutter. While still in England he bought rights to 1,000 acres of land. In 1682, 300 acres were laid out for him and in 1684 the remainder was laid out. He served in the Assembly, was a justice of the peace for Bucks County, and was a member of Middletown Meeting.26 He and Elizabeth moved to Philadelphia, where he died in 1692, leaving his estate to her.27 She was no longer a “poor woman”. Elizabeth’s daughter Jane Austin was one of the witnesses of his will.28 Elizabeth sold much of the land in Bucks County between 1691 and 1696.29 She died in 1707 in Philadelphia and was buried in the Friends burying ground there.30

Some of the children of Thomas and Elizabeth immigrated, including Thomas, David and Jonas, while John and George did not. Those who did live in Pennsylvania were very close, frequently signing as witnesses for each other’s weddings and serving as witnesses or executors for wills and deeds.31

Children of Thomas and Elizabeth:32

John, born about 1658, died before 1696 in Wales, father of the five orphan children.33 His wife’s name is unknown; he is sometimes said to have been killed for his faith, though this is unlikely. Five of the children came to Pennsylvania in 1698 on the William Galley and were under the care of Philadelphia Monthly Meeting. The meeting found places where the children could be placed as apprentices, and all five of them lived to marry. The children were: Thomas, John, Eleanor, Mary and Margaret.

Thomas, born about 1660, d. 1719, in Pennsylvania by 1686, married in 1712 Judith Smith of Long Island, a late marriage for him. He

became a traveling preacher for  the Friends, traveling to England, Ireland, the West Indies.34 William Penn referred to him as “honest Thomas Potts”. He built two mills on Frankford Creek, Cheltenham Township. He lived in Bristol Township, Philadelphia County, and died in 1719. His will named his wife Judith and son Thomas.35

George, born about 1662, married a woman named Joan and had children with her in Wales. They immigrated in 1690, but George died at sea. Joan was a midwife. “She, with her four daughters, settled in Germantown, where she supported her family by means of her profession”.36 She was a member of Germantown meeting and witnessed marriages there. She died in 1740. Philadelphia Monthly Meeting minutes said that her testimony at meetings was well received.

Jane, born about 1663, d. 1734, immigrated with her mother, married John Austin in 1686.37 John was a ship carpenter and in 1696 they moved to Philadelphia, presumably for his business. He died in 1707, killed by a falling timber. Children: Elizabeth, Ann, Samuel and Mary.

Jonas, born about 1665, d. 1719, married twice, the second time to Mary Burson. At different times he lived in Germantown (where he served as sheriff), Gilbert’s Manor (later Limerick Township), Philadelphia, and Saucon Township, Bucks County. The last record of him is around 1740 in Saucon Township; there is no evidence that he moved to Virginia with some of his sons. Children of Jonas: David, Rachel, Elizabeth, Hannah, Jonathan, Deborah, Jonas.

Margaret, born about 1666, d. 1706, married Jacob Shoemaker, the emigrant, lived in Bristol Township, Philadelphia County. She was active in Abington Meeting, and attended Quarterly Meeting as a delegate. Jacob left a will in 1722, naming Margaret and his sons George, Jacob and Thomas.38, 39

Elizabeth, born 1667. She immigrated, possibly with her mother, and died unmarried in 1690. She was buried at Middletown Meeting.

David, born about 1670, d. 1730, m. 1693/94 Alice Croasdale, daughter of Thomas and Agnes

(Hawthornthwaite). Alice had come as a child in 1682 on the Lamb with her parents.40 David and Alice lived in Bristol Township, Philadelphia County. He was active in Germantown Meeting and served in the Provincial Assembly. In his will of 1730, he named his children Thomas, John, Jonathan, Elizabeth, Stephen, Mary, Rebecca, Daniel, Nathan, Ezekiel.41

The Iredell family of Pennsylvania claims its descent from a Norman knight who supposedly saved the life of William the Norman at the Battle of Hastings. When Sir Pierre saved the king by slaying the enemies around him, the King said “Sir Pierre, thou hast given me eyre to breathe.” The king then gave the family a grant of land in Dale, or Dell, which led to the name Eyredale, from which it is a short step to Iredell.1  This is delightful, if apocryphal. The Eyre family of Bucks County has exactly the same story.2

Closer to historical reality, the family homestead was at Loweswater in Cumberland. Thomas Iredell, the immigrant, came with a certificate from the Monthly Meeting at Pardshaw Crag in Loweswater, issued 6^th month 1700. Pardshaw was a stronghold of Quakerism. George Fox preached there in 1650 and a meeting of Friends, the first in Cumberland, was formed. At first the people met outside on Pardshaw Crag, until in 1672 a meeting house was built. “They dwell far distant from any church, and having high-crags or clinty rocks above the town, they have their great Quaking meetings there, from whence they do readily espye any who come to disturb their conventicles; and so they were wont to disperse before they were caught, to prevent their convictions…”3

The Iredell family had lived around Loweswater for years. In 1524 William Iredale was warned to mend his roof or pay a fine.4 In the 1660s and 1670s, Loweswater was full of Iredales; “Half of the families listed, [in the Hearth Tax list] 33 out of 67, shared only six surnames: Iredale, Pearson, Mirehouse, Burnyeat, Wilkinson or Jackson. There were no less than thirteen families of Iredale alone and confusion is made worse by the fact that the number of first names used was also very small.”5 The parish registers and tax lists show multiple Iredales named William, John, and Peter.

Thomas Iredell, the immigrant to Pennsylvania, is usually said to be the son of Robert Iredell and Ellinore Jackson of Rigg Bank.6 However Robert and Ellinore were apparently married on 26 April 1628, at Loweswater Church, ruling them out as parents for Thomas the immigrant.7 A Thomas Iredell with father Robert was christened on 6 Dec 1676 in Loweswater, but this is surely a different Robert.8 Given the number of Iredell or Iredale families around Loweswater, it is possible that Thomas’ parents will remain unidentified.

Thomas became a Quaker before 1700, when the meeting on Pardsay Crag in Cumberland gave him a certificate of fitness to carry to Pennsylvania.9 It stated that “he has of late years come frequently among Friends. His carriage appears to be sober and truthlike, those who know him best give no other account but well. He comes with consent of his mother, though [she was] no Friend, and inquiry hath been made as to his clearness in relation to marriage, and nothing appears to ye contrary.”10 One of the signers was John Burnyeat, possibly the prominent Quaker minister from Loweswater who converted early and travelled widely.11

After immigrating, Thomas lived in Philadelphia for several years, a member of Philadelphia Meeting. There he married Rebecca Williams, daughter of Thomas Williams and his first wife, under the care of the Friends Meeting in 1705.12 Thomas Williams had immigrated before 1686, when he declared his intention of marrying Rebecca Bennet, widow of William Bennet.13 However, his daughter Rebecca was not with Rebecca Bennet, who already had a daughter Rebecca with William Bennet. In early 1702 the court at Burlington found Thomas Williams guilty of fornication with his “wife’s daughter” Rebecca, who was by then married to John Scholey.14 Thomas Williams’ daughter Rebecca (as opposed to his step-daughter) probably immigrated separately. Her passage was paid by her cousin Abraham Hardiman and by Samuel Carpenter, who was married to Hannah Hardiman.15 This strongly suggests that Thomas William’s first wife was a Hardiman, that they were married in Pembrokeshire, Wales (where the Hardimans were from), and that their daughter Rebecca was born there.16 It is not clear why Rebecca Williams immigrated without her father, if in fact she did.17

After Thomas and Rebecca Iredell were married, they may have lived in Philadelphia at first. In 1710 they asked for a certificate from Philadelphia Meeting, as they had moved out of the limits of the meeting. They settled in Abington, where Thomas built a stone house which stood for more than 150 years.18 The land they lived on, 200 acres, was bought from Samuel Carpenter, married to Rebecca’s cousin Hannah Hardiman.

In 1712 Thomas gave in a paper of condemnation to Abington Meeting for his “unbecoming expression and foolish behaviour” to Sarah Hood. He remained in good standing and in 1717, when Horsham Meeting was established as a meeting for worship, he was one of five members who took the title to the land donated by Samuel Carpenter.19 “Horsham Meeting had its official beginning in a Youth’s Meeting, established in the spring of 1717….The road to Abington was a long and difficult one in those days, and it is unthinkable that such pious families as the Cadwalladers and Iredells would long be content to be deprived of the privilege of religious services.”20 Thomas was appointed overseer and represented Horsham Meeting at the Quarterly Meeting almost every year from 1717 to 1725.

Thomas died in 1^st month 1726/27. He did not leave a will, and Rebecca served as the administrator. The inventory of his estate showed the household goods, farm tools, and animals of a prosperous farmer, with a value of £172.21 Rebecca was still in Horsham in 1734, when she was taxed for 200 acres.22

Children of Thomas and Rebecca:23

Mary, born about 1711, married in 1730 Thomas Good. They lived in Plumstead, where Thomas died in 1791.24

Abraham, married in 1740 Sarah Coffin. They lived in Horsham. Abraham died in 1749 and Sarah was one of the administrators of his estate, along with Isaac Cleaver and Abraham Lukens, who were both weavers.25

Rebecca, born 1717, died after 1797, married Isaac Cleaver in 1737 at Abington Mtg, son of Peter and Catharine. They lived in Cheltenham, where he was a weaver.26 Isaac died in 1797,  and left a will, naming Rebecca, his living daughters and some grandchildren. Children: Hannah, Mary, Rebecca, Rachel, Agnes, and Sarah. Of the six daughters, four married Tysons and the other two did not marry.

Robert, born 1721, died 1799, married in 1745 Hannah Lukens, daughter of Peter and Gainor. They lived in Horsham. Robert and his son Robert supported the British in the Revolution and some of their property was seized.27 Robert wrote his will in 1799, named his wife Hannah, six living children Seth, John, Jonathan, Robert, Abraham, Hannah.28

Rachel, died after 1800, married about 1745 Abraham Lukens, son of Peter and Gainor. They lived in Horsham, where Abraham was a weaver. He died in 1800. His will named wife Rachel, children Nathan, Robert, Seneca, Gaynor, Lydia.29

Hannah, married in 1745 Benjamin Fell under the auspices of Abington Meeting. They lived in Bucks County, where Benjamin died in 1758. In his will he mentioned a former wife (apparently Hannah) and present wife Sarah.30 He placed some of his children in the care of their aunts Mary Good and Rebecca Cleaver, and uncle Isaac Cleaver. Children John, Asa, Benjamin, Phebe, Deborah, Hannah, Thomas, Levi.

Peter Cleaver was an early settler at Germantown, buying land there in 1689.1  As a German Quaker he could have come from one of two areas in the Rhineland. A small group of Quakers from Krefeld, near Dusseldorf, formed a monthly meeting there. Almost all of them immigrated together in 1683, sailing on the Concord, and drawing lots for land in Germantown.2 Since that was such a small close-knit group, it is possibly that Peter lived further south along the Rhine. Another group of Quakers lived in a broader area around Kriegsheim (now Monsheim), 170 miles south of Krefeld.3 Most of these people had been Mennonites who were converted to Quakerism by traveling missionaries, including William Penn himself.4 Peter is not listed in known lists of Mennonites, such as the censuses of Kreigsheim, but other known Mennonites such as the Umstat family are missing from those lists as well.5

In any case, Peter Cleaver first appeared in Germantown records in 1689 when he bought a lot of 50 acres from William Strepers.6 In 1691 Peter was naturalized, along with many of his German neighbors, taking an oath of allegiance to the English crown and thereby gaining the freedom to own land and conduct business as natives.7 In 1692 he signed a petition against a tax bill, and the following year appeared on the tax list.8 In 1695 he added to his holding by buying 25 acres from the carpenter John Silans.9 In the deed Peter was listed as a husbandman, but like many of the Germans, he was also a weaver.10

In 1695 at Abington Meeting Peter married Catherine Shoemaker, the daughter of Peter Shoemaker. She came from Kriegsheim with her father and sisters on the Francis and Dorothy in 1685.11 Her name is often Anglicized to Gertrude or Catherine, but she was from a family that spoke a Rheinisch dialect of German; her name as they spoke it probably sounded more like Geertje. The English Quakers of Abington meeting who recorded their marriage intention wrote it as Catherine. The marriage would have been performed in Germantown, where the Quakers of the town met, first in the house of Thones Kunders, later in a small log meetinghouse.12

In 1699 Peter and Catherine sold their 50-acre tract in Germantown to Reyner Janson and moved to nearby Bristol Township.13 They would remain there for the rest of their lives. In 1721 Peter and his son Peter bought 165 acres near Upper Dublin or Whitemarsh. There they built a stone house with several outbuildings.14 The younger Peter lived there, while his father stayed in Bristol.

In 1709 Peter had a difference with William Harmer. They took it to Abington Meeting, which chose four men to “hear and determine it”. This was done and the difference settled. In 1724 Peter was chosen as an overseer for Germantown, responsible for guiding the younger generation in Quaker ways.15 The births of several of the children of Peter and Catherine were recorded at Abington Meeting, and most (though not all) of the children married under the auspices of the Meeting. Catherine does not appear in the meeting records, except for the record of her marriage; she may not have been comfortable speaking English. The date of her death is not known, but she was not named in Peter’s 1727 will and must have died before him.

Peter could not write and signed his will only with his initials. In the will, written in 12^th month 1727 and proved the same month, he named all seven of his children.16 The sons Isaac and John received land, while the other children got cash legacies. The inventory of his property included the usual household goods, farm tools and animals, as well as the plantations in Bristol and Cheltenham.17 The family of Peter and Catherine was prolific, and by the time their granddaughter Elizabeth married Jacob Kirk in 1760, twelve Cleavers signed their marriage certificate.18

Children of Peter and Catharine:

Christine, born 1696, married William Melchior in April 1727 at Christ Church, Philadelphia. In her father’s will as Christiann Melchier.19 Her father left her £20 in his will, but left her younger sister Agnes £30, so Christine probably received a marriage portion from her father before he died.

Peter Jr., born 1697, died 1776, married 1722 Elizabeth Potts, daughter of David and Alice (Croasdale), and lived in Upper Dublin. Elizabeth died in 1762; Peter died in 1776.20 He left a will naming children Peter, Nathan, Elizabeth, John, Isaac, and Ezekiel.21 A daughter Mary had died unmarried in 1744. His land was to be sold and the proceeds divided among the children. Most of the children remained Quakers and married in meetings.22

Derrick, born about 1702, died possibly 1768. He married in 1725, at Abington Meeting, Mary Potts, daughter of Thomas and Magdalen. Derrick and Mary supposedly settled in the Oley valley, since Mary’s father owned a share of the iron furnace at Colebrookdale. Derrick burned limestone in a kiln on his farm to sell to the furnace. He owned much land in Amity and Douglass Townships, becoming the first tax collector of Douglass Township and was himself the largest taxpayer, paying £16 in 1759.23 Children: John, Elizabeth, Martha, Mary and another daughter.

Eve, married a man named Adams after 1722. His first name is not known. No further information.

John, born about 1705, died 1773. In 1729 at Abington Meeting he married Elizabeth Levering Taylor, daughter of William Levering & Catherine and widow of a man named Taylor. They lived in Bristol on land bequeathed to him by his father. In a property release of 1748 he called himself a weaver. John died in 1773 and left a will.24 Children: Peter, Elizabeth, William, Sarah, John, Hannah and a daughter Mary who died before her father.25

Isaac, born 1713, died 1799. In 1737 at Abington Meeting he married Rebecca Iredell, daughter of Thomas and Rebecca. Isaac and Rebecca lived in Cheltenham and had six daughters, four of whom married Tysons.26 In his will of 1797, he left Rebecca £150 and the income of the estate.27 He left a clock to the oldest daughter Hannah; at her death it was to go to her son Isaac Tyson. He also named his daughter Mary and six of her children: Peter, Rynear, Benjamin, Jesse, Mary and Hannah Tyson.28 He died in 1799. The inventory of his estate included the household goods of a prosperous farmer, valued at over £1350. Children of Isaac and Rebecca: Hannah, Mary, Rebecca, Rachel, Agnes, Sarah.

Agnes, m. Richard Shoemaker, son of George Jr. and Sarah (Wall)29

Isaac was born in 1713, the son of Peter Cleaver and Catherine Shoemaker of Bristol, Philadelphia County. His father Peter was a farmer and weaver. Isaac grew up there, one of seven children in a Quaker family. In 1737 he married at Abington Meeting Rebecca Iredell, daughter of Thomas and Rebecca Williams. Isaac and Rebecca lived in Cheltenham and had six daughters, four of whom married Tysons.1  Isaac was respected in Abington meeting, though not active. In 1754 he was chosen as overseer.2

Isaac died in 1799. In his will of 1797, he left Rebecca £150 and the income of the estate.3 He left a clock to the oldest daughter Hannah; at her death it was to go to her son Isaac Tyson. He also named his grandson John Tyson, son of Agnes, and three children of his daughter Hannah. He named his daughter Mary and six of her children: Peter, Rynear, Benjamin, Jesse, Mary and Hannah Tyson.4 He died two years later. The inventory of his estate included the household goods of a prosperous farmer, valued at over £1350. The daughters were Hannah, Mary, Rebecca, Rachel, Agnes, Sarah. Only Hannah outlived her father.

Daughters of Isaac and Rebecca:

Hannah or Ann, born 1^st month 1737/38, married in 1759 John Tyson, son of John and Priscilla, at Abington Meeting. She married second Thomas Leech in 1774 at Abington Meeting. He died in 1804 in Upper Dublin. Hannah died after 1797.

Mary, born 1^st month 1739/40, died 1787. In 1760 she married Rynear Tyson, son of Peter and Mary. They lived in Abington and attended Upper Dublin Friends Meeting for worship. In 1774 Abington meeting reported that Rynear Tyson, son of Peter, had been drinking strong liquor to excess and had sued a Friend at law. Testimony was prepared against him and he was apparently disowned.5 Rynear died in 1796. In his will, written in 1793, he named his second wife Elizabeth (about whom nothing is known), children Peter, Rynear, Jacob, Benjamin, Thomas, Jesse, Mary and Hannah.6

Rebecca, born 3^rd month 1742, died 1765, age 19

Rachel, born 1^st month 1744/45, died 1765, probably unmarried

Agnes, born 12^th mo 1746/47, died 1779 at age 31, married in 1766 Joseph Tyson, son of John and Priscilla, the brother of John Tyson who married her sister Hannah. Agnes and Joseph had children Rebecca and John before Agnes’ death in 1779. Joseph later married Agnes Luken.7

Sarah, born 2^nd month 1751, married 12^th mo 1772/73 Isaac Tyson, son of Isaac and Sarah, at Abington Meeting. Sarah and Isaac had a daughter Abigail before Sarah’s death at age 22. Isaac then married Lydia Tomkins and had four children with her.8